如何使用Arduino Nano和DVD驱动器步进电机制造自己的CNC机器

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描述

第1步:简介

会尝试解释如何使用Arduino Nano和DVD驱动器步进电机制造自己的 CNC机器。如今,对于创建者而言,CNC机床已经成为一个非常有趣的话题。

在开始构建过程之前,这个可指导的项目由JLCPCB赞助。我已经订购了JLCPCB的现成PCB,价格仅为2美元。

步骤2:必需的零件

要制造此数控机床,我使用了以下零件:

1)1 x Arduino Nano

2)2 x L293D电机驱动器IC =它驱动步进电机。

3)1 x LM7805稳压器 =它为电路板提供5伏电源。

4)2 x 16引脚IC基座

5)1个 1K电阻

6)1个 LED

7)2 x DVD驱动器步进电机 =您可以从旧的DVD驱动器中获得步进电机。

8)1 x Tower Pro SG90微型伺服电机

9)2 x 15个2.54mm母头连接器

10)1 x 3针2.54mm母头连接器

11)2 x 4针Relimate插头连接器

12)2 x 4针Relimate插头连接器

13)2 x 2针Relimate公头连接器

注意:图库中列出了所有必需的部件,因此请务必将其检出!

步骤3:电路图和PCB制作

步进电机

电路图如图所示。为该电路制作PCB时,我使用JLCPCB网站从其网站上订购在线PCB,

首先转到JLCPCB,然后单击立即购买,然后上传您的Gerber文件,我已提供了Gerber文件供打印。上传完成后,您可以检查PCB的外观。然后进一步处理以订购 PCB(仅售2美元)。而已。

步骤4:构建过程

在印刷电路板上,首先将所有零件安装在其位置,然后将它们焊接在正确的位置,如图所示。如图所示,将四线焊接到连接器的步进电机上。焊接完成后,现在您可以安装其他组件,例如Arduino Nano,驱动器IC和连接器,如图所示。

将DVD步进电机,伺服电机和电源线的公连接器连接到PCB上正确的母连接器中。

现在是时候将代码上传到 Arduino Nano 。

第5步:将代码上传到Arduino Nano

首先从Arduino网站下载Arduino IDE软件。然后打开Arduino IDE软件。并复制粘贴代码。

然后转到工具》选择 Arduino开发板,在本例中为Arduino Nano。

,然后从工具菜单中选择正确的端口。

完成将您的代码上传到Arduino Nano。

#include

#include

#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH 512

const int penZUp = 80;

const int penZDown = 40;

const int penServoPin = 6;

const int stepsPerRevolution = 20;

Servo penServo;

Stepper myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 2,3,4,5);

Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution, 8,9,10,11);

struct point {

float x;

float y;

float z;

};

struct point actuatorPos;

float StepInc = 1;

int StepDelay = 0;

int LineDelay = 50;

int penDelay = 50;

float StepsPerMillimeterX = 6.0;

float StepsPerMillimeterY = 6.0;

float Xmin = 0;

float Xmax = 40;

float Ymin = 0;

float Ymax = 40;

float Zmin = 0;

float Zmax = 1;

float Xpos = Xmin;

float Ypos = Ymin;

float Zpos = Zmax;

boolean verbose = false;

void setup() {

Serial.begin( 9600 );

penServo.attach(penServoPin);

penServo.write(penZUp);

delay(200);

myStepperX.setSpeed(250);

myStepperY.setSpeed(250);

Serial.println(“Mini CNC Plotter alive and kicking!”);

Serial.print(“X range is from ”);

Serial.print(Xmin);

Serial.print(“ to ”);

Serial.print(Xmax);

Serial.println(“ mm.”);

Serial.print(“Y range is from ”);

Serial.print(Ymin);

Serial.print(“ to ”);

Serial.print(Ymax);

Serial.println(“ mm.”);

}

void loop()

{

delay(200);

char line[ LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH ];

char c;

int lineIndex;

bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;

lineIndex = 0;

lineSemiColon = false;

lineIsComment = false;

while (1) {

while ( Serial.available()》0 ) {

c = Serial.read();

if (( c == ‘ ’) || (c == ‘ ’) ) {

if ( lineIndex 》 0 ) {

line[ lineIndex ] = ‘’;

if (verbose) {

Serial.print( “Received : ”);

Serial.println( line );

}

processIncomingLine( line, lineIndex );

lineIndex = 0;

}

else {

}

lineIsComment = false;

lineSemiColon = false;

Serial.println(“ok”);

}

else {

if ( (lineIsComment) || (lineSemiColon) ) { // Throw away all comment characters

if ( c == ‘)’ ) lineIsComment = false; // End of comment. Resume line.

}

else {

if ( c 《= ‘ ’ ) { // Throw away whitepace and control characters

}

else if ( c == ‘/’ ) { // Block delete not supported. Ignore character.

}

else if ( c == ‘(’ ) { // Enable comments flag and ignore all characters until ‘)’ or EOL.

lineIsComment = true;

}

else if ( c == ‘;’ ) {

lineSemiColon = true;

}

else if ( lineIndex 》= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1 ) {

Serial.println( “ERROR - lineBuffer overflow” );

lineIsComment = false;

lineSemiColon = false;

}

else if ( c 》= ‘a’ && c 《= ‘z’ ) { // Upcase lowercase

line[ lineIndex++ ] = c-‘a’+‘A’;

}

else {

line[ lineIndex++ ] = c;

}

}

}

}

}

}

void processIncomingLine( char* line, int charNB ) {

int currentIndex = 0;

char buffer[ 64 ]; // Hope that 64 is enough for 1 parameter

struct point newPos;

newPos.x = 0.0;

newPos.y = 0.0;

// Needs to interpret

// G1 for moving

// G4 P300 (wait 150ms)

// G1 X60 Y30

// G1 X30 Y50

// M300 S30 (pen down)

// M300 S50 (pen up)

// Discard anything with a (

// Discard any other command!

while( currentIndex 《 charNB ) {

switch ( line[ currentIndex++ ] ) { // Select command, if any

case ‘U’:

penUp();

break;

case ‘D’:

penDown();

break;

case ‘G’:

buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; // /! Dirty - Only works with 2 digit commands

// buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];

// buffer[2] = ‘’;

buffer[1] = ‘’;

switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){ // Select G command

case 0: // G00 & G01 - Movement or fast movement. Same here

case 1:

// /! Dirty - Suppose that X is before Y

char* indexX = strchr( line+currentIndex, ‘X’ ); // Get X/Y position in the string (if any)

char* indexY = strchr( line+currentIndex, ‘Y’ );

if ( indexY 《= 0 ) {

newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1);

newPos.y = actuatorPos.y;

}

else if ( indexX 《= 0 ) {

newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);

newPos.x = actuatorPos.x;

}

else {

newPos.y = atof( indexY + 1);

indexY = ‘’;

newPos.x = atof( indexX + 1);

}

drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y );

// Serial.println(“ok”);

actuatorPos.x = newPos.x;

actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;

break;

}

break;

case ‘M’:

buffer[0] = line[ currentIndex++ ]; // /! Dirty - Only works with 3 digit commands

buffer[1] = line[ currentIndex++ ];

buffer[2] = line[ currentIndex++ ];

buffer[3] = ‘’;

switch ( atoi( buffer ) ){

case 300:

{

char* indexS = strchr( line+currentIndex, ‘S’ );

float Spos = atof( indexS + 1);

// Serial.println(“ok”);

if (Spos == 30) {

penDown();

}

if (Spos == 50) {

penUp();

}

break;

}

case 114: // M114 - Repport position

Serial.print( “Absolute position : X = ” );

Serial.print( actuatorPos.x );

Serial.print( “ - Y = ” );

Serial.println( actuatorPos.y );

break;

default:

Serial.print( “Command not recognized : M”);

Serial.println( buffer );

}

}

}

}

void drawLine(float x1, float y1) {

if (verbose)

{

Serial.print(“fx1, fy1: ”);

Serial.print(x1);

Serial.print(“,”);

Serial.print(y1);

Serial.println(“”);

}

if (x1 》= Xmax) {

x1 = Xmax;

}

if (x1 《= Xmin) {

x1 = Xmin;

}

if (y1 》= Ymax) {

y1 = Ymax;

}

if (y1 《= Ymin) {

y1 = Ymin;

}

if (verbose)

{

Serial.print(“Xpos, Ypos: ”);

Serial.print(Xpos);

Serial.print(“,”);

Serial.print(Ypos);

Serial.println(“”);

}

if (verbose)

{

Serial.print(“x1, y1: ”);

Serial.print(x1);

Serial.print(“,”);

Serial.print(y1);

Serial.println(“”);

}

// Convert coordinates to steps

x1 = (int)(x1*StepsPerMillimeterX);

y1 = (int)(y1*StepsPerMillimeterY);

float x0 = Xpos;

float y0 = Ypos;

// Let‘s find out the change for the coordinates

long dx = abs(x1-x0);

long dy = abs(y1-y0);

int sx = x0

long i;

long over = 0;

if (dx 》 dy) {

for (i=0; i=dx) {

over-=dx;

myStepperY.step(sy);

}

delay(StepDelay);

}

}

else {

for (i=0; i=dy) {

over-=dy;

myStepperX.step(sx);

}

delay(StepDelay);

}

}

if (verbose)

{

Serial.print(“dx, dy:”);

Serial.print(dx);

Serial.print(“,”);

Serial.print(dy);

Serial.println(“”);

}

if (verbose)

{

Serial.print(“Going to (”);

Serial.print(x0);

Serial.print(“,”);

Serial.print(y0);

Serial.println(“)”);

}

delay(LineDelay);

Xpos = x1;

Ypos = y1;

}

void penUp() {

penServo.write(penZUp);

delay(LineDelay);

Zpos=Zmax;

if (verbose) {

Serial.println(“Pen up!”);

}

}

void penDown() {

penServo.write(penZDown);

delay(LineDelay);

Zpos=Zmin;

if (verbose) {

Serial.println(“Pen down.”);

}

}

第6步:下载处理软件

首先从It’s网站下载处理软件。

复制将以下代码粘贴到处理软件中。

然后运行程序。您会看到新对话框打开。现在将arduino nano连接到台式机。

按P按钮选择您的arduino nano板可用的端口。

然后按G按钮上传测试Gerber文件。

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import processing.serial.*;

Serial port = null;

// select and modify the appropriate line for your operating system

// leave as null to use interactive port (press ‘p’ in the program)

String portname = null;

//String portname = Serial.list()[0]; // Mac OS X

//String portname = “/dev/ttyUSB0”; // Linux

//String portname = “COM6”; // Windows

boolean streaming = false;

float speed = 0.001;

String[] gcode;

int i = 0;

void openSerialPort()

{

if (portname == null) return;

if (port != null) port.stop();

port = new Serial(this, portname, 9600);

port.bufferUntil(‘ ’);

}

void selectSerialPort()

{

String result = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame,

“Select the serial port that corresponds to your Arduino board.”,

“Select serial port”,

JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE,

null,

Serial.list(),

0);

if (result != null) {

portname = result;

openSerialPort();

}

}

void setup()

{

size(600, 400);

openSerialPort();

}

void draw()

{

background(155);

fill(0);

int y = 24, dy = 12;

text(“INSTRUCTIONS”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“p: select serial port”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“1: set speed to 0.001 inches (1 mil) per jog”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“2: set speed to 0.010 inches (10 mil) per jog”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“3: set speed to 0.100 inches (100 mil) per jog”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“arrow keys: jog in x-y plane”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“page up & page down: jog in z axis”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“$: display grbl settings”, 12, y); y+= dy;

text(“h: go home”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“0: zero machine (set home to the current location)”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“g: stream a g-code file”, 12, y); y += dy;

text(“x: stop streaming g-code (this is NOT immediate)”, 12, y); y += dy;

y = height - dy;

text(“current jog speed: ” + speed + “ inches per step”, 12, y); y -= dy;

text(“current serial port: ” + portname, 12, y); y -= dy;

}

void keyPressed()

{

if (key == ‘1’) speed = 0.001;

if (key == ‘2’) speed = 0.01;

if (key == ‘3’) speed = 0.1;

if (!streaming) {

if (keyCode == LEFT) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X-” + speed + “ Y0.000 Z0.000 ”);

if (keyCode == RIGHT) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X” + speed + “ Y0.000 Z0.000 ”);

if (keyCode == UP) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X0.000 Y” + speed + “ Z0.000 ”);

if (keyCode == DOWN) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X0.000 Y-” + speed + “ Z0.000 ”);

if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_UP) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z” + speed + “ ”);

if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_DOWN) port.write(“G91 G20 G00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z-” + speed + “ ”);

if (key == ‘h’) port.write(“G90 G20 G00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z0.000 ”);

if (key == ‘v’) port.write(“$0=75 $1=74 $2=75 ”);

//if (key == ‘v’) port.write(“$0=100 $1=74 $2=75 ”);

if (key == ‘s’) port.write(“$3=10 ”);

if (key == ‘e’) port.write(“$16=1 ”);

if (key == ‘d’) port.write(“$16=0 ”);

if (key == ‘0’) openSerialPort();

if (key == ‘p’) selectSerialPort();

if (key == ‘) port.write(“$ ”);

}

if (!streaming && key == ’g‘) {

gcode = null; i = 0;

File file = null;

println(“Loading file.。.”);

selectInput(“Select a file to process:”, “fileSelected”, file);

}

if (key == ’x‘) streaming = false;

}

void fileSelected(File selection) {

if (selection == null) {

println(“Window was closed or the user hit cancel.”);

} else {

println(“User selected ” + selection.getAbsolutePath());

gcode = loadStrings(selection.getAbsolutePath());

if (gcode == null) return;

streaming = true;

stream();

}

}

void stream()

{

if (!streaming) return;

while (true) {

if (i == gcode.length) {

streaming = false;

return;

}

if (gcode[i].trim().length() == 0) i++;

else break;

}

println(gcode[i]);

port.write(gcode[i] + ’ ‘);

i++;

}

void serialEvent(Serial p)

{

String s = p.readStringUntil(’ ‘);

println(s.trim());

if (s.trim().startsWith(“ok”)) stream();

if (s.trim().startsWith(“error”)) stream(); // XXX: really?

}

步骤7:将Gerber文件上传到Arduino开发板

按下G按钮后,您可以将Gerber文件上传到开发板上。而已。现在您的CNC机床将完成其工作。

步骤8:CNC机床

就是这样。这是CNC机床的最终结果。

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