Windows11上Linux安装教程

Windows11上Linux安装教程

超简单，不安装虚拟机，Windows11运行Linux

安装注意事项

出现错误有可能是少了驱动

驱动下载地址

安装OK

在这里插入图片描述

测试使用

安装vim编辑器

输入命令：sudo apt-get install vim

aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install vim
[sudo] password for aq:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny
Suggested packages:
  ctags vim-doc vim-scripts indent
The following packages will be upgraded:
  vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny
4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and83not upgraded.
Need to get 7785 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [1242 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-tiny amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [581 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [5875 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [87.1 kB]
Fetched 7785 kB in 22s (362 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-tiny_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-common_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Setting up vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

安装gcc编译器

输入命令：sudo apt-get install gcc

aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install gcc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc-10-base gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1
  libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgcc-s1 libgomp1
  libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
  binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-9-locales gcc-multilib make autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-9-multilib
  gcc-9-doc glibc-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0
  libmpc3 libquadmath0 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gcc-10-base libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6
4 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and79not upgraded.
Need to get 37.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 150 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2722 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-10-base amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [20.8 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libstdc++6 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [501 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [41.8 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [207 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [473 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [47.4 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [46.6 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [1613 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [3376 B]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9-base amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [18.9 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libisl22 amd64 0.22.1-1 [592 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libmpc3 amd64 1.1.0-1 [40.8 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 cpp-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [7502 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 cpp amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [27.6 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [48.8 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgomp1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [102 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [26.2 kB]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [9284 B]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libasan5 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2752 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [835 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [2016 kB]
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libubsan1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [785 kB]
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [146 kB]
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-9-dev amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2359 kB]
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [8276 kB]
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [5208 B]
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [71.6 kB]
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.4.0-165.182 [1112 kB]
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libcrypt-dev amd64 1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4 [104 kB]
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2519 kB]
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 manpages-dev all 5.05-1 [2266 kB]
Fetched 37.3 MB in 1min 31s (410 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.31-0ubuntu9.12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) over (2.31-0ubuntu9.9) ...
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../gcc-10-base_10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
Setting up gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking libstdc++6:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
Setting up libstdc++6:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
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VI/VIM介绍

vim是Linux环境下一款功能强大、高度可定制的文本编辑工具，类似于Windows下面的source insight、sublime、notepad。VI是visual interface的缩写，即可视化接口。vim 即 vi IMproved，在 vi 的基础上做了很多改进，如：增加了多级撤销、多窗口操作、崩溃后也可以恢复、增加了稳定性、关键字自动补全、上下文自动补全等功能。

VIM的工作模式

vim一般有6种工作模式。

普通模式 ：使用vim打开一个文件时默认模式，也叫命令模式，允许用户通过各种命令浏览代码、滚屏等操作。

插入模式 ：也可以叫做编辑模式，在普通模式下敲击 i 、a 或 o 就进入插入模式，允许用户通过键盘输入、编辑。

命令行模式 ：在普通模式下，先输入冒号:，接着输入命令，就可以通过配置命令对vim进行配置了，如改变颜色主题、显示行号等，这些配置命令也可以保存到/etc/vim/vimrc配置文件中，每次打开默认配置执行。

可视化模式 ：在普通模式下敲击前盘上的 v 键，就进入可视化模式，然后移动光标就可以选中一块文本，常用来完成文本的复制、粘贴、删除等操作。

替换模式 ：如果我们想修改某个字符，不需要先进入插入模式，删除，然后再输入新的字符，直接在普通模式下，敲击R键就可以直接替换。

EX模式 ：类似于命令行模式，可以一次运行多个命令

有关VIM的命令很多 这里仅仅测试

VIM的保存和退出指令

Vim的保存和退出命令

编写Hello world.c代码

vim hello.c i进入指令模式进行编写代码

esc 退出指令模式
:wq
保存编辑的内容并退出Vim编辑器.

编译hello.c代码

aq@AQST:~$ gcc hello.c -o hello
aq@AQST:~$ ls
hello  hello.c

运行helle.exe 打印Hello World!

aq@AQST:~$ ls
hello  hello.c
aq@AQST:~$ ./hello
Hello World!

makefile

多文件编译需要用到makefile 环境至此测试完毕，以后就可以方便的学习系统编程了