如何制作数字指南针

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描述

第1步:所需零件 

对于此项目,您将只需要一个Arduino开发板和一个MEMS磁力计即可测量地磁场。我将使用包含MC5883L 3轴磁力计的GY – 80分支板。

在继续执行该项目的源代码之前,如果您需要更多详细信息,请参见MEMS磁力计如何工作以及如何通过I2C通信连接和使用GY-80接线板,

第2步:Arduino源代码

我们首先需要做的是将草图上传到Arduino板,该板将读取来自磁力计的数据,并将其发送到Processing IDE。这是Arduino源代码:

/* Arduino Compass

*

* by Dejan Nedelkovski,

* www.HowToMechatronics.com

*

*/

#include //I2C Arduino Library

#define Magnetometer_mX0 0x03

#define Magnetometer_mX1 0x04

#define Magnetometer_mZ0 0x05

#define Magnetometer_mZ1 0x06

#define Magnetometer_mY0 0x07

#define Magnetometer_mY1 0x08

int mX0, mX1, mX_out;

int mY0, mY1, mY_out;

int mZ0, mZ1, mZ_out;

float heading, headingDegrees, headingFiltered, declination;

float Xm,Ym,Zm;

#define Magnetometer 0x1E //I2C 7bit address of HMC5883

void setup(){

//Initialize Serial and I2C communications

Serial.begin(115200);

Wire.begin();

delay(100);

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer);

Wire.write(0x02); // Select mode register

Wire.write(0x00); // Continuous measurement mode

Wire.endTransmission();

}

void loop(){

//---- X-Axis

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mX1);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mX0 = Wire.read();

}

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mX0);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mX1 = Wire.read();

}

//---- Y-Axis

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mY1);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mY0 = Wire.read();

}

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mY0);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mY1 = Wire.read();

}

//---- Z-Axis

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mZ1);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mZ0 = Wire.read();

}

Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device

Wire.write(Magnetometer_mZ0);

Wire.endTransmission();

Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1);

if(Wire.available()《=1)

{

mZ1 = Wire.read();

}

//---- X-Axis

mX1=mX1《《8;

mX_out =mX0+mX1; // Raw data

// From the datasheet: 0.92 mG/digit

Xm = mX_out*0.00092; // Gauss unit

//* Earth magnetic field ranges from 0.25 to 0.65 Gauss, so these are the values that we need to get approximately.

//---- Y-Axis

mY1=mY1《《8;

mY_out =mY0+mY1;

Ym = mY_out*0.00092;

//---- Z-Axis

mZ1=mZ1《《8;

mZ_out =mZ0+mZ1;

Zm = mZ_out*0.00092;

// ==============================

//Calculating Heading

heading = atan2(Ym, Xm);

// Correcting the heading with the declination angle depending on your location

// You can find your declination angle at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag-web/

// At my location it‘s 4.2 degrees =》 0.073 rad

declination = 0.073;

heading += declination;

// Correcting when signs are reveresed

if(heading 《0) heading += 2*PI;

// Correcting due to the addition of the declination angle

if(heading 》 2*PI)heading -= 2*PI;

headingDegrees = heading * 180/PI; // The heading in Degrees unit

// Smoothing the output angle / Low pass filter

headingFiltered = headingFiltered*0.85 + headingDegrees*0.15;

//Sending the heading value through the Serial Port to Processing IDE

Serial.println(headingFiltered);

delay(50);

}

步骤3:处理IDE源代码

在我们上传了之前的Arduino草图之后,我们需要将数据接收到Processing IDE中并绘制Digital Compass。指南针由背景图像,箭头的固定图像和指南针主体的旋转图像组成。因此,使用Arduino计算出的耳磁场的值将用来旋转罗盘。

以下是Processing IDE的源代码:

/* Arduino Compass

*

* by Dejan Nedelkovski,

* www.HowToMechatronics.com

*

*/

import processing.serial.*;

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort;

PImage imgCompass;

PImage imgCompassArrow;

PImage background;

String data=“”;

float heading;

void setup() {

size (1920, 1080, P3D);

smooth();

imgCompass = loadImage(“Compass.png”);

imgCompassArrow = loadImage(“CompassArrow.png”);

background = loadImage(“Background.png”);

myPort = new Serial(this, “COM4”, 115200); // starts the serial communication

myPort.bufferUntil(’ ‘);

}

void draw() {

image(background,0, 0); // Loads the Background image

pushMatrix();

translate(width/2, height/2, 0); // Translates the coordinate system into the center of the screen, so that the rotation happen right in the center

rotateZ(radians(-heading)); // Rotates the Compass around Z - Axis

image(imgCompass, -960, -540); // Loads the Compass image and as the coordinate system is relocated we need need to set the image at -960x, -540y (half the screen size)

popMatrix(); // Brings coordinate system is back to the original position 0,0,0

image(imgCompassArrow,0, 0); // Loads the CompassArrow image which is not affected by the rotateZ() function because of the popMatrix() function

textSize(30);

text(“Heading: ” + heading,40,40); // Prints the value of the heading on the screen

delay(40);

}

// starts reading data from the Serial Port

void serialEvent (Serial myPort) {

data = myPort.readStringUntil(’ ‘);// reads the data from the Serial Port and puts it into the String variable “data”。

heading = float(data); // Convering the the String value into Float value

}

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