如何正确使用SpringBoot中的线程池

描述

来自丨CSDN

https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37701381/article/details/81072774

使用步骤

先创建一个线程池的配置,让Spring Boot加载,用来定义如何创建一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,要使用@Configuration和@EnableAsync这两个注解,表示这是个配置类,并且是线程池的配置类

@Configuration@EnableAsyncpublic class ExecutorConfig {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);

@Value(“${async.executor.thread.core_pool_size}”)

private int corePoolSize;

@Value(“${async.executor.thread.max_pool_size}”)

private int maxPoolSize;

@Value(“${async.executor.thread.queue_capacity}”)

private int queueCapacity;

@Value(“${async.executor.thread.name.prefix}”)

private String namePrefix;

@Bean(name = “asyncServiceExecutor”)

public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {

logger.info(“start asyncServiceExecutor”);

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

//配置核心线程数

executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);

//配置最大线程数

executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);

//配置队列大小

executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);

//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(namePrefix);

// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务

// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行

executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

//执行初始化

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

}

@Value是我配置在application.properties,可以参考配置,自由定义

# 异步线程配置# 配置核心线程数

async.executor.thread.core_pool_size = 5

# 配置最大线程数

async.executor.thread.max_pool_size = 5

# 配置队列大小

async.executor.thread.queue_capacity = 99999

# 配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀

async.executor.thread.name.prefix = async-service-

创建一个Service接口,是异步线程的接口

public interface AsyncService {

/**

* 执行异步任务

* 可以根据需求,自己加参数拟定,我这里就做个测试演示

*/

void executeAsync();

}

实现类

@Servicepublic class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncServiceImpl.class);

@Override

@Async(“asyncServiceExecutor”)

public void executeAsync() {

logger.info(“start executeAsync”);

System.out.println(“异步线程要做的事情”);

System.out.println(“可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情”);

logger.info(“end executeAsync”);

}

}

将Service层的服务异步化,在executeAsync()方法上增加注解@Async(“asyncServiceExecutor”),asyncServiceExecutor方法是前面ExecutorConfig.java中的方法名,表明executeAsync方法进入的线程池是asyncServiceExecutor方法创建的。

接下来就是在Controller里或者是哪里通过注解@Autowired注入这个Service

@Autowiredprivate AsyncService asyncService;

@GetMapping(“/async”)

public void async(){

asyncService.executeAsync();

}

用postmain或者其他工具来多次测试请求一下

2018-07-16 2247.655 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-5] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2247.655 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-5] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2247.770 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-1] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2247.770 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-1] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2247.816 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-2] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2247.816 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-2] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2248.833 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-3] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2248.834 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-3] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2248.986 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-4] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2248.987 INFO 10516 --- [async-service-4] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

通过以上日志可以发现,[async-service-]是有多个线程的,显然已经在我们配置的线程池中执行了,并且每次请求中,controller的起始和结束日志都是连续打印的,表明每次请求都快速响应了,而耗时的操作都留给线程池中的线程去异步执行;

虽然我们已经用上了线程池,但是还不清楚线程池当时的情况,有多少线程在执行,多少在队列中等待呢?这里我创建了一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的子类,在每次提交线程的时候都会将当前线程池的运行状况打印出来

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

import org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import java.util.concurrent.Future;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

/**

* @Author: ChenBin

*/public class VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);

private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix) {

ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor();

if (null == threadPoolExecutor) {

return;

}

logger.info(“{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]”,

this.getThreadNamePrefix(),

prefix,

threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size());

}

@Override

public void execute(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do execute”);

super.execute(task);

}

@Override

public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do execute”);

super.execute(task, startTimeout);

}

@Override

public Future《?》 submit(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do submit”);

return super.submit(task);

}

@Override

public 《T》 Future《T》 submit(Callable《T》 task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do submit”);

return super.submit(task);

}

@Override

public ListenableFuture《?》 submitListenable(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do submitListenable”);

return super.submitListenable(task);

}

@Override

public 《T》 ListenableFuture《T》 submitListenable(Callable《T》 task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do submitListenable”);

return super.submitListenable(task);

}

}

如上所示,showThreadPoolInfo方法中将任务总数、已完成数、活跃线程数,队列大小都打印出来了,然后Override了父类的execute、submit等方法,在里面调用showThreadPoolInfo方法,这样每次有任务被提交到线程池的时候,都会将当前线程池的基本情况打印到日志中;

修改ExecutorConfig.java的asyncServiceExecutor方法,将ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor()改为ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor()

@Bean(name = “asyncServiceExecutor”)

public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {

logger.info(“start asyncServiceExecutor”);

//在这里修改

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

//配置核心线程数

executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);

//配置最大线程数

executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);

//配置队列大小

executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);

//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(namePrefix);

// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务

// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行

executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

//执行初始化

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

再次启动该工程测试

2018-07-16 2230.951 INFO 14088 --- [nio-8087-exec-2] u.d.e.e.i.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [0], completedTaskCount [0], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]

2018-07-16 2230.952 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-1] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2230.953 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-1] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2231.351 INFO 14088 --- [nio-8087-exec-3] u.d.e.e.i.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [1], completedTaskCount [1], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]

2018-07-16 2231.353 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-2] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2231.353 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-2] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2231.927 INFO 14088 --- [nio-8087-exec-5] u.d.e.e.i.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [2], completedTaskCount [2], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]

2018-07-16 2231.929 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-3] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2231.930 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-3] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-07-16 2232.496 INFO 14088 --- [nio-8087-exec-7] u.d.e.e.i.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [3], completedTaskCount [3], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]

2018-07-16 2232.498 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-4] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

异步线程要做的事情

可以在这里执行批量插入等耗时的事情

2018-07-16 2232.499 INFO 14088 --- [async-service-4] c.u.d.e.executor.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

注意这一行日志:

2018-07-16 2232.496 INFO 14088 --- [nio-8087-exec-7] u.d.e.e.i.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [3], completedTaskCount [3], activeCount [0], queueSize [0]

这说明提交任务到线程池的时候,调用的是submit(Callable task)这个方法,当前已经提交了3个任务,完成了3个,当前有0个线程在处理任务,还剩0个任务在队列中等待,线程池的基本情况一路了然;

责任编辑:haq

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