虽然从I2C特性上知晓具有不同I2C地址的器件是可以挂载在同一个I2C总线上进行通讯的,但是,如果需要操作的I2C器件地址冲突呢?MCU的硬件I2C接口数量不够呢?或者说MCU的I2C不支持从机多地址通讯功能呢?这时候,我们还是需要通过GPIO口来模拟I2C时序完成I2C主机/从机的功能。所以,并不是有了硬件I2C,软件I2C就没有发挥的空间了,恰恰是软件和硬件这两种实现方式共存互相补充。
对于I2C的基本概念及时序等知识点,本文不再详细描述,大家可以下载附件中的《I2C总线概要》和《I2C总线规范》进行研究。本文将通过如下四个方面,讲述I2C在MM32F032/MM32F0140系列MCU上的实现,以及使用I2C工具(图莫斯USB2XXX总线适配器)进行实际测试:
一、硬件I2C主机通讯
MM32的硬件I2C是我使用到现在,在代码程序段操作最为简洁的了;不需要再去考虑START信号、ACK信号,以及各种EVENT事件等……这些复杂的操作、或者是可以省略的操作都由官方的底层库程序和芯片IP去实现了,让我们在设计驱动程序时变量简单了。对于硬件I2C主机的配置,我们只需要复用的GPIO端口引脚、I2C通讯参数,以及从机地址即可;然后就可以编程去读写I2C从机设备了,初始化配置及对I2C从机设备的读写操作的实现代码如下:实测结果如下所示:void hI2C_MASTER_Init(uint8_t SlaveAddress)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1ENR_I2C1, ENABLE);
I2C_StructInit(&I2C_InitStructure);
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_MASTER;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress = 0;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Speed = I2C_Speed_STANDARD;
I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000;
I2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);
I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2C1, SlaveAddress, I2C_Direction_Transmitter);
I2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, ENABLE);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_1);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_1);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_2MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
void hI2C_MASTER_Read(uint8_t Address, uint8_t *Buffer, uint8_t Length)
{
uint8_t flag = 0, count = 0;
I2C_SendData(I2C1, Address);
while(!I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_STATUS_FLAG_TFE));
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
while(1)
{
if((I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_STATUS_FLAG_TFNF)) && (flag == 0))
{
I2C_ReadCmd(I2C1); count++;
if(count == Length) flag = 1;
}
if(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_STATUS_FLAG_RFNE))
{
Buffer[i] = I2C_ReceiveData(I2C1); break;
}
}
}
I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
while(!I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_STOP_DET));
}
void hI2C_MASTER_Write(uint8_t Address, uint8_t *Buffer, uint8_t Length)
{
I2C_SendData(I2C1, Address);
while(!I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_STATUS_FLAG_TFE));
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
I2C_SendData(I2C1, *Buffer++);
while(!I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_STATUS_FLAG_TFE));
}
I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE);
while(!I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_STOP_DET));
}
void hI2C_MASTER_SHELL_Handler(uint8_t Mode)
{
uint8_t Buffer[10] = {0x12, 0x23, 0x34, 0x45, 0x56, 0x67, 0x78, 0x89, 0x90, 0xAA};
if(Mode == 1)
{
hI2C_MASTER_Write(0x00, Buffer, sizeof(Buffer));
}
else
{
hI2C_MASTER_Read(0x00, Buffer, sizeof(Buffer));
printf(" hI2C Master Read : ");
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(Buffer); i++)
{
printf("0x%02x ", Buffer[i]);
}
printf(" ");
}
}
SHELL_EXPORT_CMD(HI2C_MASTER, hI2C_MASTER_SHELL_Handler, Hardware I2C Master Read And Write);
二、软件模拟I2C主机通讯
对于软件模拟I2C主机通讯的实现方式,主要是通过操作GPIO端口引脚的高低电平,在满足I2C通讯时序的要求上完成对I2C从机设备的读写操作;在实现软件模拟I2C主机时,需要正确的产生Start起始条件、Stop停止条件,以及Restart重启条件;需要在适当的位置对GPIO端口引脚的输入输出状态进行配置,以便能够正确的判断出ACK和NACK的应答信号;需要正确操作发送的字节格式,使地址内容、数据内容能够被正确识别……
如下的软件模拟I2C主机的实现方式通过定义了一个操作结构体,通过传递操作实例的方式,让软件模拟I2C主机的程序实现了面向对象的编程,借住同一段实现代码,可以同时实现多个软件模拟I2C主机通讯接口,在代码实现上大大的节省了空间,同时也让代码的可移植性变得更加通用,具体的代码实现如下所示:
实测结果如下所示:typedef struct
{
uint32_t SCL_RCC;
GPIO_TypeDef *SCL_GPIO;
uint16_t SCL_PIN;
uint32_t SDA_RCC;
GPIO_TypeDef *SDA_GPIO;
uint16_t SDA_PIN;
uint32_t TIME;
uint8_t SlaveAddress;
} sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef;
sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef sI2C_MASTER =
{
RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_6,
RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_7,
100,
0xA0
};
#define sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C) GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, sI2C->SCL_PIN, Bit_SET)
#define sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C) GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, sI2C->SCL_PIN, Bit_RESET)
#define sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C) GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN, Bit_SET)
#define sI2C_MASTER_SDA_L(sI2C) GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN, Bit_RESET)
#define sI2C_MASTER_SCL_GET(sI2C) GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, sI2C->SCL_PIN)
#define sI2C_MASTER_SDA_GET(sI2C) GPIO_ReadInputDataBit( sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN)
void sI2C_MASTER_Delay(uint32_t Tick)
{
while(Tick--);
}
void sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Direction)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(sI2C->SDA_RCC, ENABLE);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
if(Direction) /* Input */
{
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
}
else /* Output */
{
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
}
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
void sI2C_MASTER_SCL_SetDirection(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Direction)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(sI2C->SCL_RCC, ENABLE);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SCL_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
if(Direction) /* Input */
{
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
}
else /* Output */
{
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
}
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
void sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStart(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
void sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
void sI2C_MASTER_PutACK(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t ack)
{
if(ack) sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); /* NACK */
else sI2C_MASTER_SDA_L(sI2C); /* ACK */
sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
uint8_t sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
uint8_t ack = 0;
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 1);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
ack = sI2C_MASTER_SDA_GET(sI2C);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 0);
return ack;
}
uint8_t sI2C_MASTER_ReadByte(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
uint8_t Data = 0;
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); /* Must set SDA before read */
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 1);
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
Data <<= 1;
if(sI2C_MASTER_SDA_GET(sI2C)) Data |= 0x01;
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 0);
return Data;
}
void sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Data)
{
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if(Data & 0x80) sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C);
else sI2C_MASTER_SDA_L(sI2C);
Data <<= 1;
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_L(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
}
void sI2C_MASTER_Init(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 0);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_SetDirection(sI2C, 0);
sI2C_MASTER_SCL_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
sI2C_MASTER_SDA_H(sI2C); sI2C_MASTER_Delay(sI2C->TIME);
}
uint8_t sI2C_MASTER_Read(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Address, uint8_t *Buffer, uint8_t Length)
{
if(Length == 0) return 0;
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStart(sI2C);
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, sI2C->SlaveAddress);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C))
{
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C); return 1;
}
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, Address);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C))
{
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C); return 1;
}
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStart(sI2C);
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, sI2C->SlaveAddress + 1);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C))
{
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C); return 1;
}
while(1)
{
*Buffer++ = sI2C_MASTER_ReadByte(sI2C);
if(--Length == 0)
{
sI2C_MASTER_PutACK(sI2C, 1); break;
}
sI2C_MASTER_PutACK(sI2C, 0);
}
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C);
return 0;
}
uint8_t sI2C_MASTER_Write(sI2C_MASTER_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Address, uint8_t *Buffer, uint8_t Length)
{
uint8_t i = 0;
if(Length == 0) return 0;
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStart(sI2C);
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, sI2C->SlaveAddress);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C))
{
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C); return 1;
}
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, Address);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C))
{
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C); return 1;
}
for(i = 0; i < Length; i++)
{
sI2C_MASTER_WriteByte(sI2C, *Buffer++);
if(sI2C_MASTER_GetACK(sI2C)) break;
}
sI2C_MASTER_GenerateStop(sI2C);
if(i == Length) return 0;
else return 1;
}
void sI2C_MASTER_SHELL_Handler(uint8_t Mode)
{
uint8_t Buffer[10] = {0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE};
if(Mode == 1)
{
sI2C_MASTER_Write(&sI2C_MASTER, 0x00, Buffer, sizeof(Buffer));
}
else
{
sI2C_MASTER_Read(&sI2C_MASTER, 0x00, Buffer, sizeof(Buffer));
printf(" sI2C Master Read : ");
for(uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(Buffer); i++)
{
printf("0x%02x ", Buffer[i]);
}
printf(" ");
}
}
SHELL_EXPORT_CMD(SI2C_MASTER, sI2C_MASTER_SHELL_Handler, Software I2C Master Read And Write);
三、硬件I2C从机通讯
对于硬件I2C从机通讯来说,更多的是采用中断的响应方式来避免程序在某一处一直等待I2C主机的操作;而轮询的方式很容易捕捉不到I2C的请求或者事件;所以如下硬件I2C从机通讯的方式使用的就是中断处理方式,I2C主机任何操作和请求都会映射成对应的中断,待从机检测到了之后,进入中断进行相应的处理,同时中断的方式也保证了通讯的正常和稳定性。
现在市面上很多MCU的I2C从机模式都支持多地址模式,但每家的IP功能设计都不一样:有些是直接通过寄存器设置从机地址方式,这种方式限制了所支持从机地址的个数;有些是通过地址掩码的方式(类似于CAN通讯的ID滤波器),通过逐位比较的方式来判别所支持的I2C从机地址,这种方式可以支持很多个从机地址;第二种方式相比于第一种实现方式更灵活,支持的从机设备地址也更多!
MM32F032不支持多地址从机功能,但MM32F0140支持从机多地址通讯,可以根据实际项目需求选择对应的芯片型号;从机多地址功能采用的是地址掩码方式来过滤从机地址的,这样可以支持更多的从机设备地址;通过设置从机设备地址和从机地址掩码来实现从机多地址通讯功能;硬件I2C从机通讯具体的代码实现如下:
实测结果如下所示:void hI2C_SLAVE_Init(uint8_t SlaveAddress)
{
I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure;
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
QUEUE_INIT(QUEUE_HI2C_SLAVE_IDX);
RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1ENR_I2C1, ENABLE);
I2C_StructInit(&I2C_InitStructure);
I2C_InitStructure.Mode = I2C_Mode_SLAVE;
I2C_InitStructure.OwnAddress = 0;
I2C_InitStructure.Speed = I2C_Speed_FAST;
I2C_InitStructure.ClockSpeed = 400000;
I2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure);
I2C_ITConfig(I2C1, I2C_IT_RD_REQ, ENABLE);
I2C_ITConfig(I2C1, I2C_IT_RX_FULL, ENABLE);
I2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE);
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, ENABLE);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_1);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_1);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_OD;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = I2C1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
I2C_SendSlaveAddress(I2C1, SlaveAddress);
}
void I2C1_IRQHandler(void)
{
static uint8_t Data = 0;
if(I2C_GetITStatus(I2C1, I2C_IT_RD_REQ) != RESET)
{
I2C_ClearITPendingBit(I2C1, I2C_IT_RD_REQ);
while(1)
{
I2C_SendData(I2C1, Data++);
while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2C1, I2C_FLAG_TX_EMPTY) == RESET);
if((Data % 10) == 0)
{
I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2C1, ENABLE); break;
}
}
}
if(I2C_GetITStatus(I2C1, I2C_IT_RX_FULL) != RESET)
{
QUEUE_WRITE(QUEUE_HI2C_SLAVE_IDX, I2C_ReceiveData(I2C1));
}
}
四、软件模拟I2C从机通讯
软件模拟I2C从机通讯是I2C通讯时序逆向的实现过程,它需要通过捕捉I2C主机的信号时序对主机的事件、请求,以及发送过来的数据进行解析,又要正确的回复I2C主机,所以它的实现方式比I2C模拟主机完全不同。这需要开发者对I2C时序十分熟悉,所以在研读下面软件模拟I2C从机通讯程序时,建议对照I2C时序一点点分析(提示:这部分内容有点难度)。
对于软件模拟I2C从机通讯的实现是通过两个GPIO端口引脚分别与I2C主机的SCL和SDA进行连接,程序中将这两个GPIO端口引脚配置成外部中断EXTI工作模式,通过捕获GPIO端口引脚的上升沿、下降沿,以及高低电平状态,配合软件模拟I2C从机的状态管理,实现与I2C主机之间的通讯功能,在如下的程序中添加了详细的注释和说明,方便大家阅读和理解,具体的代码实现如下:
实测结果如下所示:typedef struct
{
uint32_t SCL_RCC;
GPIO_TypeDef *SCL_GPIO;
uint16_t SCL_PIN;
uint8_t SCL_EXTI_PortSource;
uint8_t SCL_EXTI_PinSource;
uint32_t SCL_EXTI_Line;
uint32_t SDA_RCC;
GPIO_TypeDef *SDA_GPIO;
uint16_t SDA_PIN;
uint8_t SDA_EXTI_PortSource;
uint8_t SDA_EXTI_PinSource;
uint32_t SDA_EXTI_Line;
uint8_t SlaveAddress;
} sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef;
sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef sI2C_SLAVE =
{
RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_6, EXTI_PortSourceGPIOB, EXTI_PinSource6, EXTI_Line6,
RCC_AHBENR_GPIOB, GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_7, EXTI_PortSourceGPIOB, EXTI_PinSource7, EXTI_Line7,
0xA0,
};
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_NA 0
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STA 1
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD 2
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD_ACK 3
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT 4
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT_ACK 5
#define sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STO 6
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_NA;
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter = 0;
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress = 0;
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData = 0;
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitData = 0x50;
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitBuffer[16] =
{
0x01, 0x12, 0x23, 0x34, 0x45, 0x56, 0x67, 0x78,
0x89, 0x9A, 0xAB, 0xBC, 0xCD, 0xDE, 0xEF, 0xF0,
};
uint8_t sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitIndex = 0;
bool sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SCL(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
return GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, sI2C->SCL_PIN);
}
bool sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SDA(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
return GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=247401]@brief[/url] 配置模拟I2C的GPIO端口, 默认设置成输入模式, 并使能相应的外部触发
* 中断功能(上升沿和下降沿)
* @param
* @retval
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=93590]@Attention[/url]
*******************************************************************************/
void sI2C_SLAVE_Init(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(sI2C->SCL_RCC, ENABLE);
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(sI2C->SDA_RCC, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SYSCFG, ENABLE);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SCL_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SCL_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
SYSCFG_EXTILineConfig(sI2C->SCL_EXTI_PortSource, sI2C->SCL_EXTI_PinSource);
EXTI_StructInit(&EXTI_InitStructure);
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = sI2C->SCL_EXTI_Line;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
SYSCFG_EXTILineConfig(sI2C->SDA_EXTI_PortSource, sI2C->SDA_EXTI_PinSource);
EXTI_StructInit(&EXTI_InitStructure);
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = sI2C->SDA_EXTI_Line;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Rising_Falling;
EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;
EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI4_15_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPriority = 0x00;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=247401]@brief[/url] 设置SDA信号线的输入输出方便, 0代表Output输出, 1代表Input输入
* @param
* @retval
* [url=home.php?mod=space&uid=93590]@Attention[/url]
*******************************************************************************/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Direction)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
if(Direction) /* Input */
{
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
else /* Output */
{
GPIO_StructInit(&GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = sI2C->SDA_PIN;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD;
GPIO_Init(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, &GPIO_InitStructure);
}
}
/******************************************************************************
* @brief 设置SDA信号线的输出电平(高电平 / 低电平)
* @param
* @retval
* @attention
******************************************************************************/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetLevel(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C, uint8_t Level)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 0);
if(Level)
{
GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN, Bit_SET);
}
else
{
GPIO_WriteBit(sI2C->SDA_GPIO, sI2C->SDA_PIN, Bit_RESET);
}
}
/******************************************************************************
* @brief 当SCL触发上升沿外部中断时的处理
* @param
* @retval
* @attention
******************************************************************************/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SCL_RiseHandler(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
/* SCL为上升沿, 数据锁定, 主从机从SDA总线上获取数据位 */
switch(sI2C_SLAVE_State)
{
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD:
/* I2C发送遵义MSB, 先发送高位, 再发送低位, 所以在接收的时候, 数据进行左移 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress <<= 1;
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter += 1;
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SDA(sI2C) == Bit_SET)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress |= 0x01;
}
/* 当接收到8位地址位后, 从机需要在第9个时钟给出ACK应答, 等待SCL下降沿的时候给出ACK信号 */
if(sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter == 8)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD_ACK;
}
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD_ACK:
/* 从机地址的ACK回复后, 切换到收发数据状态 */
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT;
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter = 0; /* 数据移位计数器清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData = 0; /* sI2C_SLAVE的接收数据清零 */
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT:
if((sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress & 0x01) == 0x00)
{
/* 主机写操作:此时从机应该获取主机发送的SDA信号线电平状态, 进行位存储 */
sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData <<= 1;
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter += 1;
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SDA(sI2C) == Bit_SET)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData |= 0x01;
}
/* 当收到一个完整的8位数据时, 将收到的数据存放到I2C接收消息队列中, 状态转换到给主机发送ACK应答 */
if(sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter == 8)
{
QUEUE_WRITE(QUEUE_SI2C_SLAVE_IDX, sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData);
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter = 0; /* 数据移位计数器清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData = 0; /* sI2C_SLAVE的接收数据清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT_ACK;
}
}
else
{
/* 主机读操作:在SCL上升沿的时候, 主机获取当前SDA的状态位, 如果到了第8个数位的上升沿,
* 那接下来就是主机回复从机的应答或非应答信号了, 所以将状态切换到等待ACK的状态, 同时准备下一个需要发送的数据
*/
if(sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter == 8)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter = 0; /* sI2C_SLAVE的接收数据清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitData = sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitBuffer[sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitIndex++];
sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitIndex %= 16;
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT_ACK;
}
}
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT_ACK:
if((sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress & 0x01) == 0x00)
{
/* 主机写操作:从机发送ACK, 等待主机读取从机发送的ACK信号 */
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT; /* 状态切换到数据接收状态 */
}
else
{
/* 主机读操作:主机发送ACK, 从机可以读取主机发送的ACK信号 */
uint8_t ack = sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SDA(sI2C);
if(ack == Bit_RESET)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT; /* 接收到 ACK, 继续发送数据 */
}
else
{
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STO; /* 接收到NACK, 停止发送数据 */
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/******************************************************************************
* @brief 当SCL触发下降沿外部中断时的处理
* @param
* @retval
* @attention
******************************************************************************/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SCL_FallHandler(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
/* SCL为下降沿, 数据可变 */
switch(sI2C_SLAVE_State)
{
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STA:
/*
* 检测到START信号后, SCL第一个下降沿表示开始传输Slave Address,
* 根据数据有效性的规则, 地址的第一位需要等到SCL变为高电平时才可以读取
* 切换到获取Slave Address的状态, 等待SCL的上升沿触发
*/
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD;
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter = 0; /* 数据移位计数器清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress = 0; /* sI2C_SLAVE的从机地址清零 */
sI2C_SLAVE_ReceivedData = 0; /* sI2C_SLAVE的接收数据清零 */
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD:
/*
* 在主机发送Slave Address的时候, 从机只是读取SDA状态, 进行地址解析, 所以这边没有处理
*/
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_ADD_ACK:
/* SCL低电平的时候, 给I2C总线发送地址的应答信号, 状态不发生改变, 等待下一个上升沿将ACK发送出去 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetLevel(sI2C, 0); /* 将SDA信号拉低, 向主机发送ACK信号 */
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT:
/* 在SCL时钟信号的下降沿, SDA信号线处理可变的状态 */
if((sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress & 0x01) == 0x00)
{
/* 主机写操作:将SDA信号线设置成获取状态, 等待下一个SCL上升沿时获取数据位 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 1);
}
else
{
/* 主机读操作:根据发送的数据位设置SDA信号线的输出电平, 等待下一个SCL上升沿时发送数据位 */
if(sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitData & 0x80)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetLevel(sI2C, 1);
}
else
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetLevel(sI2C, 0);
}
sI2C_SLAVE_TransmitData <<= 1;
sI2C_SLAVE_ShiftCounter += 1;
}
break;
case sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_DAT_ACK:
/* 在第8个SCL时钟信号下降沿的处理 */
if((sI2C_SLAVE_SlaveAddress & 0x01) == 0x00)
{
/* 主机写操作:从机在接收到数据后, 需要给主机一个ACK应答信号, 状态不发生改变, 等待下一个上升沿将ACK发送出去 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetLevel(sI2C, 0); /* 将SDA信号拉低, 向主机发送ACK信号 */
}
else
{
/* 主机读操作:从机需要释放当前的SDA信号线, 以便主机发送ACK或NACK给从机, 状态不发生改变, 等待下一个上升沿读取ACK信号 */
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_SetDirection(sI2C, 1);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/**
* @brief 当SDA触发上升沿外部中断时的处理
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_RiseHandler(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SCL(sI2C) == Bit_SET) /* SCL为高时,SDA为上升沿:STOP */
{
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STO;
}
else /* SCL为低时,SDA为上升沿:数据的变化 */
{
}
}
/**
* @brief 当SDA触发下降沿外部中断时的处理
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_FallHandler(sI2C_SLAVE_TypeDef *sI2C)
{
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SCL(sI2C) == Bit_SET) /* SCL为高时,SDA为下降沿:START */
{
sI2C_SLAVE_State = sI2C_SLAVE_STATE_STA;
}
else /* SCL为低时,SDA为下降沿:数据的变化 */
{
}
}
/*******************************************************************************
* @brief
* @param
* @retval
* @attention
*******************************************************************************/
void EXTI4_15_IRQHandler(void)
{
/* I2C SCL */
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(sI2C_SLAVE.SCL_EXTI_Line) != RESET)
{
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SCL(&sI2C_SLAVE) == Bit_SET)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SCL_RiseHandler(&sI2C_SLAVE);
}
else
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SCL_FallHandler(&sI2C_SLAVE);
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(sI2C_SLAVE.SCL_EXTI_Line);
}
/* I2C SDA */
if(EXTI_GetITStatus(sI2C_SLAVE.SDA_EXTI_Line) != RESET)
{
if(sI2C_SLAVE_READ_SDA(&sI2C_SLAVE) == Bit_SET)
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_RiseHandler(&sI2C_SLAVE);
}
else
{
sI2C_SLAVE_SDA_FallHandler(&sI2C_SLAVE);
}
EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(sI2C_SLAVE.SDA_EXTI_Line);
}
}
以上就是基于MM32生态实现I2C接口通讯的几种方式了,如果有需要查看原图、软件工程源代码、I2C相关资料的小伙伴,请点击底部“阅读原文”进行下载。
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