如果管理网络设备很多,不可能靠人力每天去登录设备去查看是否在线。所以,可以利用python脚本通过每天扫描网络中的在线设备。可以部署在服务器上做成定时任务,每天发送AAA巡检报告。
下面是我写的一个python练手小程序。用来扫描一个网段中的在线主机,并尝试AAA去登录。统计一个大网段内可以成功aaa登录的主机。
注意:
该程序只是测试小程序,还有些小bug需要解决。不是通用的程序。主要提供一个大致思路。
主要用到了python-nmap, paramiko库。
代码示例:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import nmap
import datetime
import paramiko
import re
def get_name(host, user, password, port=22):
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.load_system_host_keys()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
#client.connect(host, port, user, password, allow_agent=False, look_for_keys=False, timeout=5)
try:
client.connect(ip, port, user, password, allow_agent=False, look_for_keys=False, timeout=3)
except Exception as err:
return 0, str(err)
#get shell
ssh_shell = client.invoke_shell()
dev_name = ''
while True:
line = ssh_shell.recv(1024)
if line.endswith(b'>'):#华为 华三
dev_name = re.findall(r'<(.*)>', str(line))[0]
#dev_name = str(line)[3:-2]
break
if line.endswith(b'# ') | line.endswith(b'#'): #思科
dev_name = re.findall(r'[\r\n|\r]+(.*)#', str(line))[0]
break
if line.endswith(b'> '):
if 'ConnetOS' in str(line):#分流器
dev_name =re.findall(r'[\r\n|\r]+(.*)>', str(line))[0].strip()
if '@' in str(line): #junpier防火墙
dev_name =re.findall(r'@(.*)>', str(line))[0].strip()
break
#怎么跳出recv阻塞
ssh_shell.close()
return 1, dev_name
#print('扫描时间:'+res['nmap']['scanstats']['timestr']+'
命令参数:'+res['nmap']['command_line'])
def get_ip_list(hosts):
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
#nmap填入参数列表可以填很多
res = nm.scan(hosts=hosts, arguments='-sn -PE')
#count = res['nmap']['scanstats']['uphosts'] #存活的主机数
return list(res['scan'].keys()) #存活主机IP地址
if __name__ == '__main__':
start = datetime.datetime.now()
user = 'user'
password = 'password'
hosts = '10.0.0.0/24'
dev = {} #存放AAA登录成功的主机
f = open('ip_list.txt', 'w') #存放能ping通的IP
ip_list = get_ip_list(hosts)
end = datetime.datetime.now()
#f.write("存活的IP地址有:" + str(len(ip_list)) + "
")
#f.write("程序运行时间:" + str(end-start) + '
')
for ip in ip_list:
f.write(ip + '
')
f.close()
#print(ip_list)
login_failed_count = 0
f1 = open('login_succeed.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
f2 = open('login_failed.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
f3 = open('mtil_add.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
#ip_list = ip_list.split('
')
for ip in ip_list:
ok, dev_name = get_name(ip, user, password)
if ok == 1:
if dev_name not in dev.keys():
vendor = ''
print(dev_name + " " + ip)
if 'h' in dev_name[-12:]:
vendor = 'h3c'
elif 'c' in dev_name[-12:]:
vendor = 'cisco'
elif 'w' in dev_name[-12:]:
vendor = 'huawei'
else:
vendor = 'unknow'
f1.write(dev_name + ' ' + ip + ' ' + vendor + '
')
f1.flush()
dev.update({dev_name : ip})
else:
f3.write(dev_name + ' ' + str(dev[dev_name]) + ' ' + ip +'
')
print(dev_name + ' ' + str(dev[dev_name]) + ' ' + ip +'
')
dev.update({dev_name: [dev[dev_name] , ip]})
f3.flush()
else:
login_failed_count += 1
print(dev_name)
f2.write(dev_name + ' ' + ip + '
')
f2.flush()
end = datetime.datetime.now()
f1.write('AAA登录成功' + str(len(dev)) +'台
' )
f1.write('AAA登录失败' + str(login_failed_count) +'台
' )
f1.write("程序运行时间:" + str(end-start) +'
')
f1.close()
f2.close()
f3.close()
print("程序运行时间:" + str(end-start) +'
')
print("存活的IP地址有:" + str(len(ip_list)) + "
")
print("AAA登录成功:" + str(len(dev)) + "
")
print('AAA登录失败' + str(login_failed_count) +'台
')
这个小程序例子,只是一个大概思路。
可以添加或则改善的思路:
nmap工具使用可参考:nmap扫描工具学习笔记
如果在windows上写nmap库,有两个事要解决。
第一步:安装nmap软件
因为在python程序中,nmap包所调用的是nmap可执行程序,所以必须先安装nmap软件。nmap下载地址:https://nmap.org/download.html
第二步: 需要在nmap库中文件的init方法中添加的nmap.exe的路径。
不然会报错,提示找不到nmap。
在nmap.py的class PortScanner()中的__init__()中更改:
def __init__(self, nmap_search_path=('nmap', '/usr/bin/nmap', '/usr/local/bin/nmap', '/sw/bin/nmap', '/opt/local/bin/nmap',r"D:software
map-7.80
map.exe")):
主要添加了‘r"D:software map-7.80 map.exe", nmap.exe可执行文件路径。
import nmap
nm = nmap.PortScanner()
#nmap填入参数列表可以填很多
res = nm.scan(hosts=hosts, arguments='-sn -PE')
其他使用示例:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import nmap # import nmap.py module
nm = nmap.PortScanner() # instantiate nmap.PortScanner object
nm.scan('127.0.0.1', '22-443') # scan host 127.0.0.1, ports from 22 to 443
nm.command_line() # get command line used for the scan : nmap -oX - -p 22-443 127.0.0.1
nm.scaninfo() # get nmap scan informations {'tcp': {'services': '22-443', 'method': 'connect'}}
nm.all_hosts() # get all hosts that were scanned
nm['127.0.0.1'].hostname() # get one hostname for host 127.0.0.1, usualy the user record
nm['127.0.0.1'].hostnames() # get list of hostnames for host 127.0.0.1 as a list of dict
# [{'name':'hostname1', 'type':'PTR'}, {'name':'hostname2', 'type':'user'}]
nm['127.0.0.1'].hostname() # get hostname for host 127.0.0.1
nm['127.0.0.1'].state() # get state of host 127.0.0.1 (up|down|unknown|skipped)
nm['127.0.0.1'].all_protocols() # get all scanned protocols ['tcp', 'udp'] in (ip|tcp|udp|sctp)
nm['127.0.0.1']['tcp'].keys() # get all ports for tcp protocol
nm['127.0.0.1'].all_tcp() # get all ports for tcp protocol (sorted version)
nm['127.0.0.1'].all_udp() # get all ports for udp protocol (sorted version)
nm['127.0.0.1'].all_ip() # get all ports for ip protocol (sorted version)
nm['127.0.0.1'].all_sctp() # get all ports for sctp protocol (sorted version)
nm['127.0.0.1'].has_tcp(22) # is there any information for port 22/tcp on host 127.0.0.1
nm['127.0.0.1']['tcp'][22] # get infos about port 22 in tcp on host 127.0.0.1
nm['127.0.0.1'].tcp(22) # get infos about port 22 in tcp on host 127.0.0.1
nm['127.0.0.1']['tcp'][22]['state'] # get state of port 22/tcp on host 127.0.0.1 (open
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