基于FPGA设计一个能够实时采集并显示的数字图像处理系统

描述

导读

随着科学技术的高速发展,FPGA在系统结构上为数字图像处理带来了新的契机。图像中的信息并行存在,因此可以并行对其施以相同的操作,使得图像处理的速度大大提高,这正好适合映射到FPGA架构中用硬件算法得以实现。

本篇阐述了基于FPGA设计一个能够实时采集、实时处理并实时显示的数字图像处理系统的设计思想和流程,分析了摄像头接口的时序;阐述了图像信息的捕获原理;详细介绍了图像边缘检测部分各模块的功能;重点介绍了具有去噪功能的中值滤波模块的设计;简单描述了边缘检测算子的选用;系统的介绍了SDRAM的工作原理以及控制方式;介绍了VGA时序;最后针对整个系统做了验证和总结,包括仿真波形的验证以及板级验证。

该系统基于实体FPGA开发板实现了图像数据的实时采集、实时边缘检测和实时显示,运行稳定,实时性能较高,从而也表明FPGA确实具有海量数据高速传输的能力。

本篇为本人当年的毕业设计部分整理,各位大侠可依据自己的需要进行阅读,参考学习。

第三篇内容摘要:本篇会介绍系统验证、结论以及各个模块主要代码,包括图像实时采集模块的主要代码,图像实时捕获模块的主要代码,中值滤波模块的主要代码,边缘检测模块的主要代码,图像缓存模块的主要代码,图像实时显示模块的主要代码等相关内容。

五、系统验证

在本系统设计过程中,我以自顶向下的层次化设计思想为主进行系统的顶层架构设计,明确各模块的功能以及各模块之间的握手关系,之后分模块编写代码并加以验证,调试代码使得各模块功能得以实现,最后基于顶层模块进行仿真验证,如图5-1和5-2为系统顶层模块的仿真波形,其中图5-1为全局波形,图5-2为局部放大的波形。

处理系统

图5-1 系统顶层模块的全局仿真波形  

处理系统 

图5-2 系统顶层模块的局部仿真波形

随后连接FPGA开发实验板并更新其驱动程序,按照开发板的配置文件分配引脚,全编译通过后下板进行板级测试。本系统验证时所采用的开发板是实体FPGA开发板。

实体FPGA开发板采用的是Altera Cyclone IV代系列的EP4CE10E22C8N芯片。该开发板是一款FPGA图像开发板,其核心芯片EP4CE10E22C8N拥有6272个逻辑单元和150个IO引脚,开发板上配置有VGA、USB、CMOS接口、SDRAM、按键、LED等很多种外部设备,可以作为本系统设计验证的硬件工具。

实体FPGA开发板的主要参数如下表6-1所示。

表5-1 FPGA开发板的主要参数

处理系统

下板结果表明我所设计的数字图像边缘检测系统的功能已经实现,能够实时采集图像、实时处理并实时显示,这里截取的是图片,现实场景显示可以根据摄像头的移动实时显示。

六、结论

本系统设计中,我基于FPGA驱动的主要设备如下:型号为Ov7725的摄像头;具有通用性的VGA接口。同时,我研究了相关的边缘检测算法,为了数据处理结果更加准确,我还根据系统需要进行了图像数据的预处理操作:先将彩色图像转换成为灰度文件;接着采用中值滤波技术对采集到的图像数据进行了有效去噪。

通过本系统的设计,我深刻理解了基于FPGA驱动外部设备的基本原理,掌握了基于FPGA、运用Verilog语言驱动外部设备和实现算法的能力,感受到了FPGA的先进,也进一步确定了自己的发展方向。在进行系统验证时,基于FPGA开发板实现了图像数据的实时采集、实时边缘检测和实时显示,系统性能良好,实时性能较高,结果证明FPGA能够轻松实现海量数据的高速传输。

附:部分主要代码

图像实时采集模块的主要代码:

 

1  module sccb_config_ctrl( 
2              clk,          //24Mhz输入时钟
3              rst_n,        //系统复位
4              scl,          //iic的时钟线
5              sda,              //iic的数据线
6              config_done   //配置完成标志
7          );
8      //系统输入
9   input clk;  //外部输入时钟24Mhz
10    input rst_n; //系统复位
11    //系统输出
12    output reg scl;       //iic的时钟线
13    output reg config_done;       //配置完成标志
14 
15    
16    inout sda;                //iic的数据线
17    
18    reg sda_buffer;   //写入数据的中间寄存器
19    reg flag;         //控制系统是否占有总线控制权
20  reg [7:0] lut_cnt;  //指针寄存器计数器
21  reg [15:0] lut_data; //寄存器地址和配置数据
22  reg [3:0] s;
23    
24    assign sda = (flag) ? sda_buffer : 1'bz;//当flag为高电平时,系统拥有总线控制权
25                                            //并发送sda_buffer中的数据。当flag为低电平时,
26                                            //释放总线。
27                                                          
28  //----------延时1ms计数器-----------------
29  reg [31:0] delay_cnt;
30  reg delay_done;
31  
32  always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
33  begin
34      if(!rst_n)
35          begin
36              delay_done <= 0;
37              delay_cnt <= 0;
38          end
39      else if(delay_cnt == 20000) //23809
40          delay_done <= 1;
41      else
42          begin
43              delay_cnt <= delay_cnt + 1;
44              delay_done <= 0;
45          end
46  end
47  
48  //----------------分频产生400Khz时钟clk_sys---------- 
49    reg [7:0] count;//计数器
50    reg clk_sys;//系统时钟
51  reg [5:0] state;//状态寄存器
52 
53    always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
54    begin
55        if (!rst_n)
56            begin
57                clk_sys <= 1'b1;
58                count <= 8'd0;
59            end
60        else
61            if (count < 100)//分频成为近200K的时钟
62                count <= count + 1;
63            else
64                begin
65                    count <= 8'd0;
66                    clk_sys <= ~clk_sys;
67                end
68    end  
69 
70  //------------------输出scl-------------
71    always @ (negedge clk_sys or negedge rst_n)
72    begin
73        if (!rst_n)
74            begin
75                scl <= 1'b1;//复位时,scl为高
76            end
77        else
78            begin
79                if(config_done == 1 || delay_done == 0)//当总线忙的时候,scl为近400K的时钟
80                    scl <= 1;
81                else
82                    scl <= ~scl;//空闲时,scl为高
83            end
84    end
85 
86    reg [3:0] cnt;//发送或者接收数据的个数
87    reg [15:0] memory;//发送或者接受数据的中间寄存器
88 
89  always @ (posedge clk_sys or negedge rst_n)
90    begin
91         if (!rst_n)
92             begin
93                 config_done <= 0;
94                 flag <= 1'b1;       //复位时,系统获得总线的控制权
95                 sda_buffer <= 1'b1; //向iic的数据线上发送高电平
96                 state <= 0;
97                   cnt <= 0;
98                   memory <= 16'd0;
99                   lut_cnt <= 2;
100                  s <= 0;
101            end
102        else    
103            case(state)
104              0 :if(scl)
105                      begin
106                      if(delay_done)//延时标志信号拉高
107                          begin
108                              sda_buffer <= 1'b0; //发送启动信号
109                              state <= 1;
110                              memory <= 16'h0042;//准备ID地址
111                          end
112                      else
113                          state <= 0;
114                   end
115                  else
116                     state <= 0;
117                    
118              1 :if((scl == 0) && (cnt < 8))//发送ID地址
119                     begin
120                         sda_buffer <= memory[7];
121                         cnt <= cnt + 1;
122                         memory = {memory[14:0],memory[15]};
123                         state <= 1;
124                     end
125                 else
126                     begin
127                         if ((scl == 0) && (cnt == 8))
128                             begin
129                                 cnt <= 0;
130                                 flag <= 0;//释放总线控制权
131                                 state <= 2;
132                             end
133                         else
134                             begin
135                                 state <= 1;
136                             end
137                     end
138                                   
139                 2 : 
140                 if(scl)//在SCL高电平期间接收数据
141                         begin
142                             if(!sda)//检测应答信号
143                                 begin 
144                                     state <= 3;
145                                     memory <= lut_data;//指针寄存器地址
146                                 end
147                             else
148                                 begin
149                                     state <= 0;
150                                 end
151                         end
152                     else
153                         state <= 2;
154                         
155               3 : if((scl == 0) && (cnt < 8)) //发送指针寄存器地址
156                      begin
157                          flag <= 1;//获得总线控制权
158                          sda_buffer <= memory[15];
159                          cnt <= cnt + 1;
160                          memory = {memory[14:0],memory[15]};
161                          state <= 3;
162                      end
163                   else
164                       begin
165                           if ((scl == 0) && (cnt == 8))
166                               begin
167                                   cnt <= 0;
168                                   flag <= 0;//释放总线控制权
169                                   state <= 4;
170                               end
171                           else
172                               begin
173                                   state <= 3;
174                               end
175                        end
176
177              4 :
178                 if(scl)
179                     begin
180                         if(!sda)//检测应答信号
181                             begin
182                                     state <= 5;
183                             end
184                         else
185                                 begin
186                                     state <= 0;
187                                 end
188                     end
189                             
190               5 : if((scl == 0) && (cnt < 8))//发送八位控制字
191                     begin
192                         flag <= 1; //获得总线控制权
193                         sda_buffer <= memory[15];
194                         cnt <= cnt + 1;
195                         memory <= {memory[14:0],memory[15]};
196                         state <= 5;
197                     end
198                 else
199                     begin
200                         if ((scl == 0) && (cnt == 8))
201                             begin
202                                 cnt <= 0;
203                                 flag <= 0; //释放总线控制权
204                                 state <= 6;
205                                         lut_cnt <= lut_cnt + 1; //指针寄存器+1
206                             end
207                         else
208                             begin
209                                 state <= 5;
210                             end
211                     end
212                                   
213              6 :  
214                 if(scl) //在SCL高电平期间,接收ACK
215                     begin
216                         if(!sda)//检测应答信号
217                             begin
218                                 state <= 7;
219                             end
220                         else
221                             begin
222                                 state <= 0;
223                             end
224                     end
225             
226              7 : if (scl == 0)
227                        begin 
228                                  flag <= 1;     
229                            sda_buffer <= 0;//拉低数据线(为发送停止信号做准备)
230                            state <= 8;
231                        end
232                     else
233                        state <= 7;
234
235              8 : if (scl == 1)  //发送停止信号
236                         begin
237                             sda_buffer <= 1;
238                             begin
239                                 if (s == 8)
240                                     begin
241                                         if(lut_cnt < 70)
242                                             begin
243                                                 state <= 0;
244                                                 s <= 0;
245                                             end
246                                         else
247                                             config_done <= 1;  //配置完成
248                                     end
249                                 else
250                                     s <= s + 1;
251                             end
252                      end
253                  else
254                     state <= 8;
255
256                default : state <= 0;
257                endcase
258   end
259  
260 always @ (*)
261 begin
262     case (lut_cnt)
263     //  OV7725 : VGA RGB565 Config
264     //Read Data Index
265     //  0 :     LUT_DATA    =   {8'h0A, 8'h77}; //Product ID Number MSB (Read only)
266     //  1 :     LUT_DATA    =   {8'h0B, 8'h21}; //Product ID Number LSB (Read only)
267     0 :     lut_data    =   {8'h1C, 8'h7F}; //Manufacturer ID Byte - High (Read only)
268     1 : lut_data    =   {8'h1D, 8'hA2}; //Manufacturer ID Byte - Low (Read only)
269     //Write Data Index
270     2   :   lut_data    =   {8'h12, 8'h80}; // BIT[7]-Reset all the Reg 
271     3   :   lut_data    =   {8'h3d, 8'h03}; //DC offset for analog process
272     4   :   lut_data    =   {8'h15, 8'h02}; //COM10: href/vsync/pclk/data reverse(Vsync H valid)
273     5   :   lut_data    =   {8'h17, 8'h22}; //VGA:  8'h22;  QVGA:   8'h3f;
274     6   :   lut_data    =   {8'h18, 8'ha4}; //VGA:  8'ha4;  QVGA:   8'h50;
275     7   :   lut_data    =   {8'h19, 8'h07}; //VGA:  8'h07;  QVGA:   8'h03;
276     8   :   lut_data    =   {8'h1a, 8'hf0}; //VGA:  8'hf0;  QVGA:   8'h78;
277     9   :   lut_data    =   {8'h32, 8'h00}; //HREF  / 8'h80
278     10  :   lut_data =  {8'h29, 8'hA0}; //VGA:  8'hA0;  QVGA:   8'hF0
279     11  :   lut_data =  {8'h2C, 8'hF0}; //VGA:  8'hF0;  QVGA:   8'h78
280     //如果不使用内部PLL,这个命令是无效的
281     12  :   lut_data    =   {8'h0d, 8'h41}; //Bypass PLL 00:0 01:4x 10:6x 11:8x
282     13  :   lut_data    =   {8'h11, 8'h01}; //CLKRC,Finternal clock = Finput clk*PLL multiplier/[(CLKRC[5:0]+1)*2] = 25MHz*4/[(x+1)*2]
283                                             //00: 50fps, 01:25fps, 03:12.5fps   (50Hz Fliter)
284     14  :   lut_data    =   {8'h12, 8'h06}; //BIT[6]:   0:VGA; 1;QVGA
285                                             //BIT[3:2]: 01:RGB565
286                                             //VGA:  00:YUV; 01:Processed Bayer RGB; 10:RGB; 11:Bayer RAW; BIT[7]-Reset all the Reg  
287     15 :    lut_data    =   {8'h0C, 8'h10}; //COM3: Bit[7:6]:Vertical/Horizontal mirror image ON/OFF, Bit[0]:Color bar; Default:8'h10
288     //DSP control
289     16 :    lut_data    =   {8'h42, 8'h7f}; //BLC Blue Channel Target Value, Default: 8'h80
290     17 :    lut_data    =   {8'h4d, 8'h09}; //BLC Red Channel Target Value, Default: 8'h80
291     18  :   lut_data    =   {8'h63, 8'hf0}; //AWB Control
292     19  :   lut_data    =   {8'h64, 8'hff}; //DSP_Ctrl1:
293     20  :   lut_data    =   {8'h65, 8'h00}; //DSP_Ctrl2:    
294     21  :   lut_data    =   {8'h66, 8'h00}; //{COM3[4](0x0C), DSP_Ctrl3[7]}YUYV;    01:YVYU;    [10:UYVY]   11:VYUY 
295     22 :    lut_data    =   {8'h67, 8'h00}; //DSP_Ctrl4:00/01: YUV or RGB; 10: RAW8; 11: RAW10  
296     //AGC AEC AWB
297     23  :   lut_data    =   {8'h13, 8'hff};
298     24  :   lut_data    =   {8'h0f, 8'hc5};
299     25  :   lut_data    =   {8'h14, 8'h11};
300     26  :   lut_data    =   {8'h22, 8'h98}; //Banding Filt er Minimum AEC Value; Default: 8'h09
301     27  :   lut_data    =   {8'h23, 8'h03}; //Banding Filter Maximum Step
302     28  :   lut_data    =   {8'h24, 8'h40}; //AGC/AEC - Stable Operating Region (Upper Limit)
303     29  :   lut_data    =   {8'h25, 8'h30}; //AGC/AEC - Stable Operating Region (Lower Limit)
304     30  :   lut_data    =   {8'h26, 8'ha1}; //AGC/AEC Fast Mode Operating Region
305     31  :   lut_data    =   {8'h2b, 8'h9e}; //TaiWan: 8'h00:60Hz Filter; Mainland: 8'h9e:50Hz Filter
306     32  :   lut_data    =   {8'h6b, 8'haa}; //AWB Control 3
307     33  :   lut_data    =   {8'h13, 8'hff}; //8'hff: AGC AEC AWB Enable; 8'hf0: AGC AEC AWB Disable;
308     //matrix sharpness brightness contrast UV   
309     34 :    lut_data    =   {8'h90, 8'h0a}; 
310     35 :    lut_data    =   {8'h91, 8'h01};
311     36 :    lut_data    =   {8'h92, 8'h01};
312     37 :    lut_data    =   {8'h93, 8'h01};
313     38 :    lut_data    =   {8'h94, 8'h5f};
314     39 :    lut_data    =   {8'h95, 8'h53};
315     40 :    lut_data    =   {8'h96, 8'h11};
316     41 :    lut_data    =   {8'h97, 8'h1a};
317     42 :    lut_data    =   {8'h98, 8'h3d};
318     43 :    lut_data    =   {8'h99, 8'h5a};
319     44 :    lut_data    =   {8'h9a, 8'h1e};
320     45 :    lut_data    =   {8'h9b, 8'h3f}; //Brightness 
321     46 :    lut_data    =   {8'h9c, 8'h25};
322     47 :    lut_data    =   {8'h9e, 8'h81}; 
323     48 :    lut_data    =   {8'ha6, 8'h06};
324     49 :    lut_data    =   {8'ha7, 8'h65};
325     50 :    lut_data    =   {8'ha8, 8'h65};
326     51 :    lut_data    =   {8'ha9, 8'h80};
327     52 :    lut_data    =   {8'haa, 8'h80};
328     //Gamma correction
329     53 :    lut_data    =   {8'h7e, 8'h0c};
330     54 :    lut_data    =   {8'h7f, 8'h16}; //
331     55 :    lut_data    =   {8'h80, 8'h2a};
332     56 :    lut_data    =   {8'h81, 8'h4e};
333     57 :    lut_data    =   {8'h82, 8'h61};
334     58 :    lut_data    =   {8'h83, 8'h6f};
335     59 :    lut_data    =   {8'h84, 8'h7b};
336     60 :    lut_data    =   {8'h85, 8'h86};
337     61 :    lut_data    =   {8'h86, 8'h8e};
338     62 :    lut_data    =   {8'h87, 8'h97};
339     63 :    lut_data    =   {8'h88, 8'ha4};
340     64 :    lut_data    =   {8'h89, 8'haf};
341     65 :    lut_data    =   {8'h8a, 8'hc5};
342     66 :    lut_data    =   {8'h8b, 8'hd7};
343     67 :    lut_data    =   {8'h8c, 8'he8};
344     68 :    lut_data    =   {8'h8d, 8'h20};
345     //Others
346     69  :   lut_data    =   {8'h0e, 8'h65};//night mode auto frame rate control
347     default : lut_data  =   {8'h1C, 8'h7F};
348     endcase
349 end
350 
351 endmodule

 

图像实时捕获模块的主要代码

 

1  module coms_capture_rgb565(clk_cmos, rst_n, pclk, vsync, href, din, xclk,
2       frame_data, frame_clk, frame_href, frame_vsync, cmos_fps_rate);
3   
4   input clk_cmos; //24Mhz驱动时钟输入
5   input rst_n;
6   input pclk;      //输入的像素时钟
7   input vsync;     //输入场同步信号
8   input href;      //输入的行同步信号
9   input [7:0] din; //输入的像素数据
10  
11  output xclk;        //输出的CMOS Sensor的驱动时钟 24Mhz
12  output frame_clk; //输出拼接后的像素数据的时钟
13  output [15:0] frame_data;  //输出拼接后的像素数据
14  output frame_href;   //输出同步的行同步信号
15  output frame_vsync;  //输出同步的场同步信号
16  output reg cmos_fps_rate;  //输出帧率
17  
18  assign xclk = clk_cmos;
19 
20  //-------------检测场、行同步信号------------
21  reg href_r, vsync_r;
22  always @(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
23  begin
24      if (!rst_n)
25          begin
26              href_r <= 1;
27              vsync_r <= 1;
28          end
29      else
30          begin
31              href_r <= href;
32              vsync_r <= vsync;
33          end
34  end
35  //行同步信号由低电平变为高电平时,说明数据有效
36  assign pose_href = (~href_r) & href; 
37  //场同步信号由高电平变为低电平时,说明一帧数据接收完毕
38  assign nege_vsync = vsync_r & (~vsync);
39 
40  //----------延时10帧产生一个标志编号----------
41  reg frame_cnt_end; //延时10帧数据结束标志
42  reg [3:0] frame_cnt;         //帧计数器
43  always @(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
44  begin
45      if(!rst_n)
46          begin
47              frame_cnt <= 0;
48              frame_cnt_end <= 0;
49          end
50      else if (frame_cnt == 10)
51          frame_cnt_end <= 1;
52      else if(nege_vsync)
53          frame_cnt <= frame_cnt + 1;
54      else
55          frame_cnt <= frame_cnt;
56  end
57 
58  reg [15:0] din_buffer2;
59  reg [7:0] din_buffer1;
60  reg byte_flag;
61  reg [10:0] cnt;
62  always @(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
63  begin
64      if(!rst_n)
65          begin
66              byte_flag <= 0;
67              din_buffer1 <= 0;
68              din_buffer2 <= 0;
69              cnt <= 0;
70          end
71      else if(href)   
72          begin
73              cnt <= cnt  + 1;
74              din_buffer1 <= din;
75              if(cnt >= 1278)
76                  byte_flag <= 0;
77              else
78                  byte_flag <= ~byte_flag;
79              
80              if(byte_flag == 1)
81                  din_buffer2 <= {din_buffer1,din};   
82              else
83                  din_buffer2 <= din_buffer2;
84          end
85      else
86          begin
87              byte_flag <= 0;
88              din_buffer1 <= 0;
89              din_buffer2 <= din_buffer2;
90              cnt <= 0;
91          end
92  end
93  
94  reg byte_flag_r;
95  always@(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
96  begin
97      if(!rst_n)
98          byte_flag_r <= 0;
99      else
100         byte_flag_r <= byte_flag;
101 end
102 
103 assign frame_data = frame_cnt_end & href ? din_buffer2 : 0;
104 assign frame_clk = frame_cnt_end ? byte_flag_r : 0;
105 assign frame_vsync = frame_cnt_end ? vsync_r : 1'b0;
106 assign frame_href = frame_cnt_end ? href_r : 1'b0;  
107
108 reg [27:0] delay_cnt;
109 always@(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
110 begin
111     if(!rst_n)
112         delay_cnt <= 0;
113     else if(delay_cnt < 48000000 - 1'b1)
114         delay_cnt <= delay_cnt + 1'b1;
115     else
116         delay_cnt <= 0;
117 end
118 wire    delay_2s = (delay_cnt == 48000000 - 1'b1) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
119 
120 reg [8:0] cmos_fps_cnt;
121 always @(posedge pclk or negedge rst_n)
122 begin
123     if(!rst_n)
124         begin
125             cmos_fps_cnt <= 0;
126             cmos_fps_rate <= 0;
127         end
128     else if(delay_2s == 1'b0)
129         begin
130             cmos_fps_cnt <= nege_vsync ? cmos_fps_cnt + 1'b1 : cmos_fps_cnt;
131             cmos_fps_rate <= cmos_fps_rate;
132         end
133     else
134         begin
135             cmos_fps_cnt <= 0;
136             cmos_fps_rate <= cmos_fps_cnt[8:1];
137         end
138 end
139 
140 endmodule

 

中值滤波模块的主要代码

 

1  module zhongzhilvbo (clk, rst_n, data_in, fifo_empty, data_out, wrreq, rdreq);
2  
3   input clk;
4   input rst_n;
5   input [23:0] data_in;
6   input fifo_empty;
7   
8   output [7:0] data_out;
9   output reg wrreq;
10  output reg rdreq;
11  
12  reg [7:0] data [8:0];
13  wire [7:0] data_n[8:0];
14  reg shift;
15  
16  assign data_out = data_n[4];
17  
18  always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
19      begin
20          if (!rst_n)
21              begin
22                  data [8] <= 0; 
23                  data [7] <= 0; 
24                  data [6] <= 0; 
25                  data [5] <= 0; 
26                  data [4] <= 0; 
27                  data [3] <= 0; 
28                  data [2] <= 0; 
29                  data [1] <= 0;
30                  data [0] <= 0;
31              end
32          else
33              begin
34                  if (shift)
35                      begin
36                          data[8] <= data[5];
37                          data[7] <= data[4];
38                          data[6] <= data[3];
39                          data[5] <= data[2];
40                          data[4] <= data[1];
41                          data[3] <= data[0];
42                          data[2] <= data_in[23:16];
43                          data[1] <= data_in[15:8];
44                          data[0] <= data_in[7:0];
45                      end
46              end
47      end
48  
49  reg compara_rst_n;
50  genvar i;
51  reg [7:0] temp;
52  reg temp_rst_n;
53  reg [3:0] count;
54  
55  always @ (posedge clk or negedge temp_rst_n)
56      begin
57          if (!temp_rst_n)
58              begin
59                  temp <= data [8];
60                  count <= 0;
61              end
62          else                        
63              begin
64                  temp <= data[count];
65                  count <= count + 1;
66              end
67      
68      end
69  generate 
70      for (i = 0; i < 9; i = i + 1)
71          begin : compara
72              if (i == 0)
73                  begin
74                      comparaer u1(.clk(clk), .rst_n(compara_rst_n), .ex_data(temp), .up_data(8'hff), .self_data(data_n[i]));
75                  end
76              else
77                  begin
78                      comparaer comparaer(.clk(clk), .rst_n(compara_rst_n), .ex_data(temp), .up_data(data_n[i-1]), .self_data(data_n[i]));
79                  end
80          end
81  endgenerate
82  
83  reg [2:0] state;
84  reg [3:0] cnt;
85  
86  always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
87      begin
88          if (!rst_n)
89              begin
90                  rdreq <= 0;
91                  compara_rst_n <= 0;
92                  wrreq <= 0;
93                  state <= 0;
94                  shift <= 0;
95                  cnt <= 0;
96                  temp_rst_n <= 0;
97              end
98          else
99              begin
100                 case (state)
101                     0 : begin
102                             if (fifo_empty)
103                                 begin
104                                     state <= 0;
105                                     wrreq <= 0;
106                                     compara_rst_n <= 0;
107                                 end
108                             else
109                                 begin
110                                     state <= 1;
111                                     rdreq <= 1;
112                                     wrreq <= 0;
113                                     compara_rst_n <= 0;
114                                 end
115                         end
116                         
117                     1 : begin
118                             rdreq <= 0;
119                             shift <= 1;
120                             state <= 2;
121                         end
122                         
123                     2 : begin
124                             shift <= 0;
125                             temp_rst_n <= 1;
126                             state <= 3;
127                         end
128                     
129                     3 : begin
130                             if (cnt < 8)
131                                 begin
132                                     cnt <= cnt + 1;
133                                     compara_rst_n <= 1;
134                                     state <= 3;
135                                 end
136                             else
137                                 begin
138                                     cnt <= 0;
139                                     temp_rst_n <= 0;
140                                     state <= 4;
141                                 end
142                         end
143                     
144                     4 : begin
145                             wrreq <= 1;
146                             state <= 0;
147                         end
148                 
149                 endcase
150             end
151     end
152 endmodule

 

边缘检测模块的主要代码

 

1  module sob (clk, rst_n, data, result, fifo_wr, shift_en);
2   
3   input clk;
4   input rst_n;
5   input [23:0] data;
6   input shift_en;
7   
8   output reg [7:0] result;
9   output reg fifo_wr;
10  
11  
12  reg [7:0]   O[-1:1][-1:1];
13  reg signed  [10:0]  Dx, Dy;
14  
15  function [10:0] abs ( input signed [10:0] x);
16      abs = x >=0 ? x : -x ;        //   取x的绝对值
17  endfunction
18  
19  always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
20      begin
21          if (!rst_n)
22              begin
23                  result <= 8'd0;
24                  Dx <= 0;
25                  Dy <= 0;
26              end
27          else
28              begin
29                  if ( shift_en )  
30                      begin
31                          result <= (abs(Dx) + abs(Dy))>>3 ;// 右移三位实现除以8的运算
32                          Dx  <= -$signed({3'b000, O[-1][-1]})    //-1* O[-1][-1]
33                                  +$signed({3'b000, O[-1][+1]})   //+1* O[-1][+1]
34                                  -($signed({3'b000, O[ 0][-1]})  //-2* O[ 0][-1]
35                                  <<1)
36                                  +($signed({3'b000, O[ 0][+1]})  //+2* O[ 0][+1]
37                                  <<1)        
38                                  -$signed({3'b000, O[+1][-1]})   //-1* O[+1][-1]
39                                  +$signed({3'b000, O[+1][+1]});  //+1* O[+1][+1]
40                          Dy  <= $signed({3'b000, O[-1][-1]}) //+1* O[-1][-1]
41                                  +($signed({3'b000, O[-1][ 0]})  //+2* O[-1][0]
42                                  <<1)        
43                                  +$signed({3'b000, O[-1][+1]})   //+1* O[-1][+1]
44                                  -$signed({3'b000, O[+1][-1]})//-1* O[+1][-1]
45                                  -($signed({3'b000, O[+1][ 0]})  //-2* O[+1][ 0]
46                                  <<1)    
47                                  -$signed({3'b000, O[+1][+1]});  //-1* O[+1][+1]
48                          O[-1][-1]   <=  O[-1][0];
49                          O[-1][ 0]   <=  O[-1][+1];
50                          O[-1][+1]   <=  data[23:16];
51                          O[ 0][-1]   <=  O[0][0];                
52                          O[ 0][ 0]   <=  O[0][+1];
53                          O[ 0][+1]   <=  data[15:8];
54                          O[+1][-1]   <=  O[+1][0];
55                          O[+1][ 0]   <=  O[+1][+1];
56                          O[+1][+1]   <=  data[7:0];
57              end
58          end
59      end
60 
61  
62 
63  reg [2:0] state;
64  
65  always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n) 
66      begin
67          if (!rst_n)
68              begin
69                  fifo_wr <= 1'b0;
70                  state <= 0;
71              end
72          else
73              begin
74                  case (state)
75                      0 : begin
76                              if (shift_en)
77                                  begin
78                                      state <= 2;
79                                      fifo_wr <= 0;
80                                  end
81                              else
82                                  begin
83                                      state <= 0;
84                                      fifo_wr <= 0;
85                                  end
86                      end
87                      
88                      1 : begin
89                                  if (shift_en)
90                                      begin
91                                          fifo_wr <= 1'b1;
92                                      end
93                                  else
94                                      fifo_wr <= 0;
95                          end
96                      
97                      2 : state <= 3;
98                      
99                      3 : state <= 4;
100                     
101                     4 : state <= 1;
102                     
103                     default : state <= 0;
104                     
105                 endcase
106             end
107     end
108     
109 endmodule

 

图像缓存模块的主要代码

 

1  `include "sdram_head.v"
2  
3  module sdr_fsm(soft_rst_n, sys_clk, init_done, ref_done, rd_done, wr_done, ref_time, mux_sel,
4           init_rst_n, ref_rst_n, rd_rst_n, wr_rst_n, time_rst_n, int_addr,
5            local_rdreq, local_wrreq, local_ready,wr_ddr,rd_ddr,rd_finish, wr_finish,local_finish);
6  
7   input soft_rst_n;
8   input sys_clk;
9   input init_done;
10  input ref_done;
11  input rd_done;
12  input wr_done;
13  input [9:0] ref_time;
14  input [24:0] wr_ddr;
15  input [24:0] rd_ddr;
16  
17 //   input [24:0] local_addr;
18 //   output reg [31:0] local_rdata;
19 //   input [31:0] local_wdata;
20  input local_rdreq, local_wrreq;
21  output reg local_ready,local_finish;
22  output reg rd_finish;
23  output reg wr_finish;
24  
25  output reg [1:0] mux_sel;
26  output reg init_rst_n;
27  output reg ref_rst_n;
28  output reg rd_rst_n;
29  output reg wr_rst_n;
30  output reg time_rst_n;
31 //   output reg [31:0] wr_data;
32  output reg [24:0] int_addr;
33  
34  localparam s0 = 3'b000;
35  localparam s1 = 3'b001;
36  localparam s2 = 3'b010;
37  localparam s3 = 3'b011;
38  localparam s4 = 3'b100;
39 
40  reg [2:0] state;
41  
42  reg rd,rd_en;
43  
44  always @ (posedge sys_clk)
45      begin
46          if (!soft_rst_n)
47              begin
48                  rd <= 0;
49              end
50          else
51              begin
52                  if (local_rdreq && rd_en)
53                      rd <= local_rdreq;
54                  else
55                      if (!rd_en)
56                          rd <= 0;
57                      else
58                          rd <= rd;
59              end
60      end
61  
62      reg wr,wr_en;
63  
64  always @ (posedge sys_clk)
65      begin
66          if (!soft_rst_n)
67              begin
68                  wr <= 0;
69              end
70          else
71              begin
72                  if (local_wrreq && wr_en)
73                      wr <= local_wrreq;
74                  else
75                      if (!wr_en)
76                          wr <= 0;
77                      else
78                          wr <= wr;
79              end
80      end
81  
82  
83  always @ (posedge sys_clk)
84  begin
85      if (!soft_rst_n)
86          begin
87              mux_sel <= `INIT;
88              init_rst_n <= 0;
89              ref_rst_n <= 0;
90              wr_rst_n <= 0;
91              rd_rst_n <= 0;
92              time_rst_n <= 0;
93              state <= s0;
94 //               local_rdata <= 32'd0;
95              local_ready <= 0;       
96              rd_finish <= 0;  
97              wr_finish <= 0;
98 //               wr_data <= 32'd0;
99              int_addr <= 25'd0;
100             wr_en <= 1;
101             rd_en <= 1;
102             local_finish <= 0;
103         end
104     else
105         case (state)
106         s0 :  if (!init_done)
107                     init_rst_n <= 1;
108                 else  
109                     begin
110                         init_rst_n <= 0;
111                         mux_sel <= `REF;
112                         time_rst_n <= 1;
113                         state <= s1;
114                         local_ready <= 1;
115                         wr_en <= 1;
116                         rd_en <= 1;
117                     end
118                     
119         s1 :  if ((ref_time < `ctREFR) && (!wr) && (!rd)) 
120                     state <= s1;
121                 else if (rd)    
122                     begin
123                         int_addr <= rd_ddr;
124                         rd_rst_n <= 1;
125                         mux_sel <= `READ;
126                         local_ready <= 0;
127                         rd_finish <= 0;
128                         state <= s3;
129                         rd_en <= 0;
130                     end 
131                 else if (wr)    
132                     begin
133                         int_addr <= wr_ddr;
134//                           wr_data <= local_wdata;
135                         wr_rst_n <= 1;
136                         mux_sel <= `WRITE;
137                         local_ready <= 0;
138                         wr_finish <= 0;
139                         state <= s4;
140                         wr_en <= 0;
141                     end                         
142                 else if (ref_time >= `ctREFR)
143                     begin
144                         ref_rst_n <= 1;                                     
145                         time_rst_n <= 0;    
146                         mux_sel <= `REF;
147                         state <= s2;
148                         local_ready <= 0;   
149                         local_finish <= 0;                      
150                     end
151         
152         s2 :    if (!ref_done)
153                     state <= s2;
154                 else
155                     begin
156                         state <= s1;
157                         time_rst_n <= 1;
158                         ref_rst_n <= 0;
159                         local_finish <= 1;
160                         local_ready <= 1;   
161                     end
162         
163         s3 :    if (!rd_done)
164                     state <= s3;
165                 else
166                     begin
167                         local_ready <= 1;
168                         rd_finish <= 1;
169                         rd_rst_n <= 0;
170//                           local_rdata <= rd_data;
171                         state <= s1;
172                         rd_en <= 1;
173                     end
174         
175         s4 :    if (!wr_done)
176                     state <= s4;
177                 else
178                     begin
179                         local_ready <= 1;
180                         wr_finish <= 1;
181                         wr_rst_n <= 0;
182                         state <= s1;
183                         wr_en <= 1;
184                     end
185         
186         default : state <= s0;
187         endcase
188 end
189 endmodule

 

图像实时显示模块的主要代码

 

1 module lcd_driver
2 (     
3   //global clock
4   input           clk,            //system clock
5   input           rst_n,          //sync reset
6   
7   //lcd interface
8   output          lcd_dclk,       //lcd pixel clock
9   output          lcd_blank,      //lcd blank
10  output          lcd_sync,       //lcd sync
11  output          lcd_hs,         //lcd horizontal sync
12  output          lcd_vs,         //lcd vertical sync
13  output          lcd_en,         //lcd display enable
14  output  [15:0]  lcd_rgb,        //lcd display data
15
16  //user interface
17  output          lcd_request,    //lcd data request
18  output  [10:0]  lcd_xpos,       //lcd horizontal coordinate
19  output  [10:0]  lcd_ypos,       //lcd vertical coordinate
20  input   [15:0]  lcd_data        //lcd data
21);     
22`include "lcd_para.v"  
23
24/*******************************************
25      SYNC--BACK--DISP--FRONT
26*******************************************/
27//------------------------------------------
28//h_sync counter & generator
29 reg [10:0] hcnt; 
30 always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
31 begin
32  if (!rst_n)
33      hcnt <= 11'd0;
34  else
35      begin
36        if(hcnt < `H_TOTAL - 1'b1)        //line over         
37            hcnt <= hcnt + 1'b1;
38        else
39            hcnt <= 11'd0;
40      end
41 end 
42 assign   lcd_hs = (hcnt <= `H_SYNC - 1'b1) ? 1'b0 : 1'b1;
43
44//------------------------------------------
45//v_sync counter & generator
46 reg [10:0] vcnt;
47 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
48 begin
49  if (!rst_n)
50      vcnt <= 11'b0;
51  else if(hcnt == `H_TOTAL - 1'b1)        //line over
52      begin
53      if(vcnt < `V_TOTAL - 1'b1)      //frame over
54          vcnt <= vcnt + 1'b1;
55      else
56          vcnt <= 11'd0;
57      end
58 end
59 assign   lcd_vs = (vcnt <= `V_SYNC - 1'b1) ? 1'b0 : 1'b1;
60
61//------------------------------------------
62//LCELL   LCELL(.in(clk),.out(lcd_dclk));
63 assign   lcd_dclk = ~clk;
64 assign   lcd_blank = lcd_hs & lcd_vs;        
65 assign   lcd_sync = 1'b0;
66
67//-----------------------------------------
68 assign   lcd_en      =   (hcnt >= `H_SYNC + `H_BACK  && hcnt < `H_SYNC + `H_BACK + `H_DISP) &&
69                      (vcnt >= `V_SYNC + `V_BACK  && vcnt < `V_SYNC + `V_BACK + `V_DISP) 
70                      ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
71 assign   lcd_rgb     =   lcd_en ? (lcd_data > 5) ? 16'd0 : 16'hffff : 16'd0;
72////assign    lcd_rgb     =   lcd_en ? {lcd_data[10:6],lcd_data[10:5],lcd_data[10:6]} : 16'd0;
73//assign  lcd_rgb     =   lcd_en ? {lcd_data[7:3],lcd_data[7:2],lcd_data[7:3]} : 16'd0;
74//assign  lcd_rgb     =   lcd_en ? lcd_data : 16'd0;
75
76//------------------------------------------
77//ahead x clock
78 localparam   H_AHEAD = 2'd1;
79 assign   lcd_request =   (hcnt >= `H_SYNC + `H_BACK - H_AHEAD && hcnt < `H_SYNC + `H_BACK + `H_DISP - H_AHEAD) &&
80                      (vcnt >= `V_SYNC + `V_BACK && vcnt < `V_SYNC + `V_BACK + `V_DISP) 
81                      ? 1'b1 : 1'b0;
82//-----------------------------------------
83//lcd xpos & ypos
84 assign   lcd_xpos    =   lcd_request ? (hcnt - (`H_SYNC + `H_BACK - 1'b1)) : 11'd0;
85 assign   lcd_ypos    =   lcd_request ? (vcnt - (`V_SYNC + `V_BACK - 1'b1)) : 11'd0;
86 endmodule

 







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