ChatGPT在电磁领域的作用分析

ChatGPT简介

ChatGPT（Generative Pre-trained Transformer）是由OpenAI开发的一个包含了1750亿个参数的大型自然语言处理模型。它基于互联网可用数据训练的文本生成深度学习模型，支持用各种语言（例如中文、英文等）进行问答、文本摘要生成、翻译、代码生成和对话等各种语言任务。

ChatGPT就像一个能够理解自然语言的大型知识库。你可以问它各个领域（包括生活、科学、技术、经济等）的问题，它也可以根据你的要求写小说，写文案、甚至是写计算机程序。下面我们就来看一下它在电磁领域能做什么。

它的知识面有多广？

第一个问题：天线理论的Chu极限。下面是它的回答，专业吧！

第二个问题，问个物理点的，什么是PT对称性？它的回答依然很棒。

第三个问题很工程，如何提高MIMO天线阵的增益？它的回答太全面了，好强！

第四个问题关于我的研究领域计算电磁学。它的回答更贴心了，尤其最后一段，像个有经验的老师。

第五个问题关于如何设计超表面，聚焦平面波到一个焦点。它给出的步骤也很赞！

它的编程能力如何？

我这里都用MATLAB程序测试

1.  量子电磁基本程序：二能级系统的拉比振荡仿真。运行MATLAB，结果完全正确。图我贴出来了，是不是比一般电磁人懂得多？

Please write a MATLAB code to calculate Rabi oscillation of two-level quantum system.

% Define time array for calculation

dt = 0.01; % time step size

T = 2*pi; % total time

t = 0T; % time array

% Define system parameters

Omega = 1; % Rabi frequency

gamma = 0; % decay rate

% Define initial state

psi_0 = [1; 0]; % initial state as [upper level population, lower level population]

% Calculate Rabi oscillation using ODE solver

options = odeset('RelTol', 1e-10, 'AbsTol', 1e-10);

[~, psi] = ode45(@(t, psi) rabi(t, psi, Omega, gamma), t, psi_0, options);

% Plot Rabi oscillation

plot(t, psi(:, 1), 'LineWidth', 2);

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Population');

title('Rabi Oscillation');

% Define ODE function for Rabi oscillation

function dpsi = rabi(t, psi, Omega, gamma)

dpsi = [-1i * Omega * (psi(1) - psi(2))/2; 1i * Omega * (psi(1) - psi(2))/2];

end

2.  FDTD基本程序：能运行，基本没错，结果貌似不太对。但是它可以听懂PEC边界条件，我用的是缩写！

Please write a 1D FDTD code to simulate a pulse propagation. The two ends are set to be PEC boundary condition.

% Define simulation parameters

dx = 0.1; % spatial step size (m)

dt = 0.5*dx/3e8; % time step size (s)

T = 2e-9; % total simulation time (s)

N = T/dt; % number of time steps

L = 1; % length of the 1D simulation domain (m)

nx = L/dx + 1; % number of spatial steps

% Initialize electric and magnetic fields

Ey = zeros(1,nx); % electric field

Hx = zeros(1,nx-1); % magnetic field

% PEC boundary condition

Ey(1) = 0;

Ey(nx) = 0;

% Gaussian pulse as the initial condition

t0 = 5e-10; % pulse center

sigma = 1e-11; % pulse width

Ey = Ey + exp(-((1:nx)*dx-t0).^2/2/sigma^2);

% Time loop

for n = 1:N

% Update magnetic field

for i = 1:nx-1

Hx(i) = Hx(i) + dt/dx*(Ey(i+1) - Ey(i));

end

% Update electric field

for i = 2:nx-1

Ey(i) = Ey(i) + dt/dx*(Hx(i) - Hx(i-1));

end

% Apply PEC boundary conditions

Ey(1) = 0;

Ey(nx) = 0;

end

% Plot the electric field versus position

plot((0:nx-1)*dx,Ey)

xlabel('Position (m)')

ylabel('Electric field (V/m)')

3.  2D FDTD程序：哈哈，不懂了吧，但是给出了编程思路，十分清晰！但也说明对复杂的任务，它的能力目前还是有限的。

Please write a 2D FDTD code for calculating scattering from 2D PEC cylinder.

Unfortunately, I can't provide you a complete code, but I can give you some pointers on how to implement the 2D FDTD method for calculating the scattering from a 2D PEC cylinder.

1. Initialize grid and time step: You need to create a 2D spatial grid with a defined time step, typically the Courant stability criterion is used to determine the time step size.

2. Initialize fields: Initialize the electric and magnetic fields to zero.

3. Incident field: Specify the incident electromagnetic wave that will be scattered by the cylinder.

4. Update electric field: Calculate the electric field at the next time step using the previous magnetic field, the current electric field, and the time step.

5. Update magnetic field: Calculate the magnetic field at the next time step using the previous electric field, the current magnetic field, and the time step.

6. Apply PEC boundary condition: Apply the perfect electric conductor (PEC) boundary condition on the cylinder. This means that the tangential components of the electric field are set to zero at the cylinder surface.

7. Save fields: Save the electric and magnetic fields at each time step.

8. Scattered field: Calculate the scattered electric and magnetic fields by subtracting the incident field from the total electric and magnetic fields.

9. Plot result: Plot the magnitude of the scattered electric field over the 2D grid to obtain the scattering pattern of the cylinder.

Note that this is a high-level overview and some important details, such as absorbing boundary conditions, may have been omitted.

它能帮助我们英文写作吗？

我这里提供一篇论文的题目和摘要，让它帮助写引言。而且它根据我的建议，不断修改，我让它多写点OAM生成方法，再加点参考文献。最后的效果我贴出来了，是不是很专业？

The title of paper is “Ultrathin Complementary Metasurface for Orbital Angular Momentum Generation at Microwave Frequencies.” The abstract is “Electromagnetic (EM) waves with helical wave front carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is associated with the azimuthal phase of the complex electric field. OAM is a new degree of freedom in EM waves and is promising for channel multiplexing in the communication system. Although the OAM-carrying EM wave attracts more and more attention, the method of OAM generation at microwave frequencies still faces challenges, such as efficiency and simulation time. In this communication, by using the circuit theory and equivalence principle, we build two simplified models, one for a single scatter and one for the whole metasurface to predict their EM responses. Both of the models significantly simplify the design procedure and reduce the simulation time. In this communication, we propose an ultrathin complementary metasurface that converts a left-handed (right-handed) circularly polarized plane wave without OAM to a right-handed (left-handed) circularly polarized wave with OAM of arbitrary orders, and a high transmission efficiency can be achieved.” Could you help to write an introduction?

Please add more OAM generation methods in the introduction.

请再加入一点参考文献

Electromagnetic (EM) waves with helical wavefronts carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is associated with the azimuthal phase of the complex electric field. OAM is a new degree of freedom in EM waves and has gained attention due to its potential in channel multiplexing in communication systems. In recent years, various methods have been proposed to generate OAM-carrying EM waves, including optical vortex generators, metallic spiral phase plates, twisted-nematic liquid crystal displays, and metasurfaces. However, the methods still face challenges such as efficiency and simulation time.

In this communication, the authors present a novel ultrathin complementary metasurface for generating OAM-carrying EM waves at microwave frequencies. The metasurface converts a left-handed (right-handed) circularly polarized plane wave without OAM to a right-handed (left-handed) circularly polarized wave with OAM of arbitrary orders, and achieves a high transmission efficiency. By using circuit theory and the equivalence principle, the authors build two simplified models, one for a single scatterer and one for the whole metasurface, to predict their EM responses. Both models significantly simplify the design procedure and reduce the simulation time.

References:

1. M. J. Padgett and R. W. Boyd, "The Poynting vector in Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes," J. Mod. Opt. 41, No. 7, pp. 2375-2381, 1994.

2. S. M. Zhao, Q. H. Liu, J. X. Chen, J. H. Wen, J. Liu, Y. J. Huang, and J. R. Mosig, "Metasurface for simultaneous manipulation of multiple orbital angular momentum states of electromagnetic waves," Nat. Commun. 7, No. 1, pp. 13155, 2016.

3. S. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Gao, X. Zhang, Y. Liu, and S. He, "General approach for beam shaping of OAM carrying waves with high topological charges," Sci. Rep. 7, No. 1, pp. 16841, 2017.

4. J. K. Zhang, C. Guo, Q. J. Zeng, Y. Q. Wei, Y. H. Lu, L. Liu, and X. C. Jiang, "Orbital angular momentum multiplexing in millimeter waves for broadband wireless communications," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, No. 12, pp. 2455-2460, 2016.

在能否用ChatGPT写文章方面，各出版社有自己的态度和规定。例如Nature编辑部明确说明不能把ChatGPT作为作者之一。如果在写文章时用到了ChatGPT，需要在Methods或其它部分加以说明（Nature 613, 612 (2023)）。而有的期刊则允许将ChatGPT列为作者以及用ChatGPT修改文章。所以能否用ChatGPT写文章，大家还需要非常谨慎地对待，仔细查看一下期刊的规定。

它能辅助教学吗？

首先我让它出关于传输线的作业，出得不错，而且难度是递进的。

然后我让它来求解自己出的题，没有任何问题。以后教学压力太大了，学生如果用这个软件平台。

未来它会改变什么？

融合搜索引擎后，它会更加强大，改变科研、教学、工业、国防的方方面面，是颠覆性技术。对教学者和研究者，必须变革未来的教学方法与研究范式，来应对AI带来的挑战。

本文是我和刘峰老师一起编写的科普作品，我们都来自浙江大学信电学院，有问题欢迎留言或讨论。科技进步常超过我们的想象，人类与AI的未来不可预期。

注：ChatGPT参与了本文的编辑。

编辑：黄飞