电子说
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源码解读:https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/one-yolov5/blob/main/utils/callbacks.py 。文章里面的超链接可能被公众号吃掉,可以考虑到我们的文档网站阅读获得更好的体验:https://start.oneflow.org/oneflow-yolo-doc/source_code_interpretation/callbacks_py.html
这个文件是yolov5的Callback utils
hook(钩子)是一个编程机制,与语言无关,通常用于在不修改原始代码的情况下,捕获或替换程序的一些函数或API调用。
个人观点:钩子是指将代码插入到其他代码的执行流程中的技术,从而实现在执行原有代码之前或之后执行额外代码的目的,下面是一个简单demo。
def hook_function(original_function):
# 定义钩子函数
def new_function(*args, **kwargs):
print("Before original function")
result = original_function(*args, **kwargs)
print("After original function")
return result
return new_function
@hook_function
def original_function():
# @hook_function (python语法) 等价于 hook_function(original_function)
print("Original function")
if __name__ == "__main__":
original_function()
输出
Before original function
Original function
After original function
来源网络的例子,有一家旅馆提供叫醒服务,但是要求旅客自己决定叫醒的方法。可以是打客房电话,也可以是派服务员去敲门,睡得死怕耽误事的,还可以要求往自己头上浇盆水。这里,“叫醒”这个行为是旅馆提供的,相当于库函数,但是叫醒的方式是由旅客决定并告诉旅馆的,也就是回调函数。而旅客告诉旅馆怎么叫醒自己的动作,也就是把回调函数传入库函数的动作,称为登记回调函数(to register a callback function)。如下图所示(图片来源:维基百科):
callback从上图可以看到,回调函数通常和应用处于同一抽象层(因为传入什么样的回调函数是在应用级别决定的)。而回调就成了一个高层调用底层,底层再回过头来调用高层的过程。
简单来说:
个人观点:回调函数是指在代码中被调用的一个函数,它会对其他代码的执行造成影响,并在适当的时间进行回调,下面是一个简单demo。
def callback_function(input_data):
# 在回调函数中处理输入数据
print("Input data:", input_data)
def main(callback):
# 调用回调函数
callback("Hello World")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(callback_function)
输出
Input data: Hello World
总之,钩子和回调函数是实现代码间通信和协作的不同技术,它们都可以用于实现代码级别的自定义行为,只是函数的触发时机有差异。
hook函数是程序中预定义好的函数,这个函数处于原有程序流程当中(暴露一个钩子出来)。我们需要再在有流程中钩子定义的函数块中实现某个具体的细节,需要把我们的实现,挂接或者注册(register)到钩子里,使得hook函数对目标可用。
hook函数最常使用在某种流程处理当中。这个流程往往有很多步骤。hook函数常常挂载在这些步骤中,为增加额外的一些操作,提供灵活性。
下面举一个简单的例子,这个例子的目的是实现一个通过钩子调用函数判断字符串是否是"good"
# YOLOv5 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
"""
Callback utils
"""
class Callbacks:
""" "
Handles all registered callbacks for YOLOv5 Hooks
"""
def __init__(self):
# Define the available callbacks
self._callbacks = {
"on_pretrain_routine_start": [],
}
self.stop_training = False # set True to interrupt training
def register_action(self, hook, name="", callback=None):
"""
Register a new action to a callback hook
Args:
hook: The callback hook name to register the action to 要向其注册操作的回调钩子名称
name: The name of the action for later reference 动作的名称,供以后参考
callback: The callback to fire 对fire的回调
"""
assert hook in self._callbacks, f"hook '{hook}' not found in callbacks {self._callbacks}"
assert callable(callback), f"callback '{callback}' is not callable"
self._callbacks[hook].append({"name": name, "callback": callback})
def get_registered_actions(self, hook=None):
""" "
Returns all the registered actions by callback hook
Args:
hook: The name of the hook to check, defaults to all
"""
return self._callbacks[hook] if hook else self._callbacks
def run(self, hook, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Loop through the registered actions and fire all callbacks
Args:
hook: The name of the hook to check, defaults to all
args: Arguments to receive from YOLOv5
kwargs: Keyword Arguments to receive from YOLOv5
"""
assert hook in self._callbacks, f"hook '{hook}' not found in callbacks {self._callbacks}"
for logger in self._callbacks[hook]:
logger["callback"](*args, **kwargs)
def on_pretrain_routine_start(good:str):
if good == "good":
print("is good!")
else :
print("is bad!")
# 初始化 Callbacks 对象
callbacks=Callbacks()
# 要向其注册操作的回调钩子名称
callbacks.register_action(hook = "on_pretrain_routine_start",name = "ss" , callback=on_pretrain_routine_start)
# 调用hook
callbacks.run("on_pretrain_routine_start","good")
# 打印hook信息
callbacks.get_registered_actions("on_pretrain_routine_start")
is good
[{'name': 'ss',
'callback': }]
在yolov5训练流程中,hook函数体现在一个训练过程(不包括数据准备),会轮询多次训练集,每次称为一个epoch,每个epoch又分为多个batch来训练。流程先后拆解成:
这些步骤是穿插在训练一个batch数据的过程中,这些可以理解成是钩子函数,我们可能需要在这些钩子函数中实现一些定制化的东西,比如在训练一个epoch后我们要保存下训练的损失。
# 在train.py中hook注册操作代码
# Register actions
for k in methods(loggers):
callbacks.register_action(k, callback=getattr(loggers, k))
# YOLOv5 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license
"""
Callback utils
"""
class Callbacks:
""" "
Handles all registered callbacks for YOLOv5 Hooks
"""
def __init__(self):
# Define the available callbacks
# 定义些回调函数,函数实现在utils/loggers/__init__.py
# github链接: https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/one-yolov5/blob/main/utils/loggers/__init__.py
self._callbacks = {
"on_pretrain_routine_start": [],
# https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/one-yolov5/blob/88864544cd9fa9ddcbe35a28a0bcf2c674daeb97/utils/loggers/__init__.py#L118
"on_pretrain_routine_end": [],
"on_train_start": [],
"on_train_epoch_start": [],
"on_train_batch_start": [],
"optimizer_step": [],
"on_before_zero_grad": [],
"on_train_batch_end": [],
"on_train_epoch_end": [],
"on_val_start": [],
"on_val_batch_start": [],
"on_val_image_end": [],
"on_val_batch_end": [],
"on_val_end": [],
"on_fit_epoch_end": [], # fit = train + val
"on_model_save": [],
"on_train_end": [],
"on_params_update": [],
"teardown": [],
}
self.stop_training = False # set True to interrupt training
def register_action(self, hook, name="", callback=None):
"""
Register a new action to a callback hook
Args:
hook: The callback hook name to register the action to
name: The name of the action for later reference
callback: The callback to fire
"""
assert hook in self._callbacks, f"hook '{hook}' not found in callbacks {self._callbacks}"
assert callable(callback), f"callback '{callback}' is not callable"
self._callbacks[hook].append({"name": name, "callback": callback})
def get_registered_actions(self, hook=None):
""" "
Returns all the registered actions by callback hook
Args:
hook: The name of the hook to check, defaults to all
"""
return self._callbacks[hook] if hook else self._callbacks
def run(self, hook, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Loop through the registered actions and fire all callbacks
Args:
hook: The name of the hook to check, defaults to all
args: Arguments to receive from YOLOv5
kwargs: Keyword Arguments to receive from YOLOv5
"""
assert hook in self._callbacks, f"hook '{hook}' not found in callbacks {self._callbacks}"
for logger in self._callbacks[hook]:
logger["callback"](*args, **kwargs)
审核编辑 :李倩
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