在RPC通信数据的传输场景下,当通信报文数据传输较大时,会对数据包进行压缩传输,根据不同传输场景,常用的压缩算法有Zlib、Gzip、Bzip2、Deflater、Lz4、Lzo、Snappy算法等。以下将包括算法的介绍、Java实现代码以及各算法间的模拟性能对比。
bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。对于压缩和解压缩,没有数据长度的限制,bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
byte[] output;
Deflater compresser = new Deflater();
compresser.reset();
compresser.setInput(data);
compresser.finish();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
try {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
while (!compresser.finished()) {
int i = compresser.deflate(buf);
bos.write(buf, 0, i);
}
output = bos.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception e) {
output = data;
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
compresser.end();
return output;
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
byte[] output;
Inflater decompresser = new Inflater();
decompresser.reset();
decompresser.setInput(data);
ByteArrayOutputStream o = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length);
try {
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
while (!decompresser.finished()) {
int i = decompresser.inflate(buf);
o.write(buf, 0, i);
}
output = o.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception e) {
output = data;
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
o.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
decompresser.end();
return output;
}
测试结果:
gzip的实现算法还是deflate,只是在deflate格式上增加了文件头和文件尾,同样jdk也对gzip提供了支持,分别是GZIPOutputStream和GZIPInputStream类,同样可以发现GZIPOutputStream是继承于DeflaterOutputStream的,GZIPInputStream继承于InflaterInputStream,并且可以在源码中发现writeHeader和writeTrailer方法。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gzip;
try {
gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
gzip.write(data);
gzip.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return out.toByteArray();
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
try {
GZIPInputStream ungzip = new GZIPInputStream(in);
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
int n;
while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, n);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return out.toByteArray();
}
测试结果:
bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。Seward在1996年7月第一次公开发布了bzip2 0.15版,在随后几年中这个压缩工具稳定性得到改善并且日渐流行,Seward在2000年晚些时候发布了1.0版。bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BZip2CompressorOutputStream bcos = new BZip2CompressorOutputStream(out);
bcos.write(data);
bcos.close();
return out.toByteArray();
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
try {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
BZip2CompressorInputStream ungzip = new BZip2CompressorInputStream(in);
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
int n;
while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
out.write(buffer, 0, n);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return out.toByteArray();
}
测试结果:
DEFLATE是同时使用了LZ77算法与哈夫曼编码(Huffman Coding)的一个无损数据压缩算法,DEFLATE压缩与解压的源代码可以在自由、通用的压缩库zlib上找到,zlib官网:http://www.zlib.net/ jdk中对zlib压缩库提供了支持,压缩类Deflater和解压类Inflater,Deflater和Inflater都提供了native方法。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
Deflater compressor = new Deflater(1);
try {
compressor.setInput(data);
compressor.finish();
final byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
while (!compressor.finished()) {
int count = compressor.deflate(buf);
bos.write(buf, 0, count);
}
} finally {
compressor.end();
}
return bos.toByteArray();
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
Inflater decompressor = new Inflater();
try {
decompressor.setInput(data);
final byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
while (!decompressor.finished()) {
int count = decompressor.inflate(buf);
bos.write(buf, 0, count);
}
} catch (DataFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
decompressor.end();
}
return bos.toByteArray();
}
测试结果:
LZ4是一种无损数据压缩算法,着重于压缩和解压缩速度。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance();
ByteArrayOutputStream byteOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
LZ4Compressor compressor = factory.fastCompressor();
LZ4BlockOutputStream compressedOutput = new LZ4BlockOutputStream(byteOutput, 2048, compressor);
compressedOutput.write(data);
compressedOutput.close();
return byteOutput.toByteArray();
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
LZ4FastDecompressor decompresser = factory.fastDecompressor();
LZ4BlockInputStream lzis = new LZ4BlockInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), decompresser);
int count;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
while ((count = lzis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
lzis.close();
return baos.toByteArray();
}
测试结果:
LZO是致力于解压速度的一种数据压缩算法,LZO是Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer的缩写,这个算法是无损算法。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
LzoCompressor compressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newCompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null);
ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
LzoOutputStream cs = new LzoOutputStream(os, compressor);
cs.write(data);
cs.close();
return os.toByteArray();
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
LzoDecompressor decompressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newDecompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null);
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
LzoInputStream us = new LzoInputStream(is, decompressor);
int count;
byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
while ((count = us.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, count);
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
测试结果:
Snappy(以前称Zippy)是Google基于LZ77的思路用C++语言编写的快速数据压缩与解压程序库,并在2011年开源。它的目标并非最大压缩率或与其他压缩程序库的兼容性,而是非常高的速度和合理的压缩率。
核心代码:
@Override
public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
return Snappy.compress(data);
}
@Override
public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException {
return Snappy.uncompress(data);
}
测试结果:
ENV:JDK:11/CPU:4C/
不同大小文件压缩效率及质量有差异,性能对比仅供参考;
Compress Rate(%) = Size Before(byte) / Size After(byte) * 100%
上传至Gitee仓库:
https://gitee.com/javanoteany/compress.git
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