通过Web网页控制开发板LED灯
描述
Web网页点灯一
接下来将介绍如何通过Web网页来控制开发板上的LED灯，本文只是在网页上实现功能，并无交互功能，与开发板的交互功能实现将在《Web网页点灯二》中介绍
1. HTML实现
利用HTML + CSS + JavaScript开发技术在网页上实现点击开关，LED灯会变色的功能
"Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
web 点灯<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>title>
<script defer=<span class="hljs-string">"defer"</span>>
<span class="hljs-function">function <span class="hljs-title">ledSwitch</span><span class="hljs-params">(string)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-comment">//该函数的功能是将string字符串赋值给id=txtState的背景颜色</span>
document.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"txtState"</span>).style.backgroundColor = string;
}
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>script>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>head>
<body style=<span class="hljs-string">"background-color:gray"</span>>
<font size=<span class="hljs-string">"12"</span> color=<span class="hljs-string">"yellow"</span>>
<b>
<div <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">" text-align:center;"</span>><big>Web 点灯<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>big><span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>b>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>font>
<br> <span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>br>
<div align=<span class="hljs-string">"center"</span> id=<span class="hljs-string">"txtState"</span>style=<span class="hljs-string">"margin:auto;width:160px;height:160px;border-radius:50%;background:white;"</span>><span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<br> <span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>br>
<div style=<span class="hljs-string">" text-align:center;"</span>>
<input type=<span class="hljs-string">"button"</span> value=<span class="hljs-string">"打开"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">"width:160px;height:80px;background:green;"</span> onclick=<span class="hljs-string">"ledSwitch('green')"</span> />
<input type=<span class="hljs-string">"button"</span> value=<span class="hljs-string">"关闭"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">"width:160px;height:80px;background:red;"</span> onclick=<span class="hljs-string">"ledSwitch('red')"</span> />
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>body>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>html>
<span class="vditor-linenumber__rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>用浏览器打开该文件，显示的界面如下图示，点击打开按钮LED颜色变绿，点击关闭按钮LED颜色变红</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgZomRHetCAWZSJAABcWRIzrjw158.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p><strong>2. 交互功能</strong></p>
<p>利用HTML + CSS + JavaScript +AJAX开发技术实现网页与服务器间的交互功能。网页上点击开关，通过AJAX技术向服务器发送请求，再将服务器返回的响应传入到JavaScript函数中，以实现网页与服务器之间的交互</p>
<pre><code style="max-height:1000px;" class="hljs java vditor-linenumber"><html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=<span class="hljs-string">"Content-Type"</span> content=<span class="hljs-string">"text/html; charset=utf-8"</span> />
<title>web 点灯<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>title>
<script defer=<span class="hljs-string">"defer"</span>>
<span class="hljs-function">function <span class="hljs-title">ledSwitch</span><span class="hljs-params">(string)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> xmlhttp;
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlhttp = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest();
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
xmlhttp = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ActiveXObject(<span class="hljs-string">"Microsoft.XMLHTTP"</span>);
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (xmlhttp.readyState == <span class="hljs-number">4</span> && xmlhttp.status == <span class="hljs-number">200</span>) {
document.getElementById(<span class="hljs-string">"txtState"</span>).style.backgroundColor = xmlhttp.responseText;
console.log(xmlhttp.responseText);
}
};
xmlhttp.open(<span class="hljs-string">"GET"</span>, string, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);
xmlhttp.send();
}
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>script>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>head>
<body style=<span class="hljs-string">"background-color:gray"</span>>
<font size=<span class="hljs-string">"12"</span> color=<span class="hljs-string">"yellow"</span>>
<b>
<div <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">" text-align:center;"</span>><big>Web 点灯<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>big><span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>b>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>font>
<br> <span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>br>
<div align=<span class="hljs-string">"center"</span> id=<span class="hljs-string">"txtState"</span>style=<span class="hljs-string">"margin:auto;width:160px;height:160px;border-radius:50%;background:white;"</span>><span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<br> <span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>br>
<div style=<span class="hljs-string">" text-align:center;"</span>>
<input type=<span class="hljs-string">"button"</span> value=<span class="hljs-string">"打开"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">"width:160px;height:80px;background:green;"</span> onclick=<span class="hljs-string">"ledSwitch('on')"</span> />
<input type=<span class="hljs-string">"button"</span> value=<span class="hljs-string">"关闭"</span> style=<span class="hljs-string">"width:160px;height:80px;background:red;"</span> onclick=<span class="hljs-string">"ledSwitch('off')"</span> />
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>div>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>body>
<span <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="hljs-string">"hljs-name"</span>html>
<span class="vditor-linenumber__rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>EasyWebServer网站服务器：是一款小型的Web服务器软件。它可以很快速地在您的PC上创建一个站点，而无需IIS等庞大复杂的工具</p>
<p>EasyWebServer的使用方法如下图示：</p>
<ul><li>打开EasyWebServer</li>
<li>设置主目录和端口号</li>
<li>在主目录下放置相关文件</li>
<li>浏览器中输入127.0.0.1即可访问该站点</li>
</ul><p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgaomRHetCAEmxLAAKRreKCgjA744.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p>打开 index.html 网页，使用Chrome浏览器的开发者工具，即可观察到网页与服务器之间的交互过程</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgaomRHetCAdWO_AAFpQ1Q1r9s863.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p><strong>3. 抓包分析</strong></p>
<p>HTTP首部字段结构以及4种HTTP首部字段类型如下图示：</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgaomRHetCAKSbLAATByLReb9M378.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p>请求html的http报文：请求报文和响应报文如下图示</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgZomRHetCAVho5AAIcuWJTcjw819.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgZomRHetCAUYqJAAFgk5DmkdM274.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p>打开命令的http报文：on 命令的请求和响应报文如下图示</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgZomRHetCAX1VrAAHNslm7Ptk055.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
<p>关闭命令的http报文：off 命令的请求和响应报文如下图示</p>
<p><img src='//file1.elecfans.com/web2/M00/82/40/wKgaomRHetCAPdiFAAHUIL2A5fg216.jpg' alt='Web' /></p>
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"description": "接下来将介绍如何通过Web网页来控制开发板上的LED灯，本文只是在网页上实现功能，并无交互功能，与开发板的交互功能实现将在《Web网页点灯二》中介绍",
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