分享几个实用的嵌入式C程序代码块

STM32嵌入式开发 2023-07-11 1016
描述

在学习和工作开发的时候，经常需要使用到各种各样不太常用的操作，这种情况一般是自己手动写一些小程序来处理。因为它们不太常用，所以经常用了又没保存，等到下一次在使用的时候又需要重写，这样的非常浪费时间和精力。
所以想在这里统一记录一下，以备下次重新使用。代码以实用为主，如果缺陷，欢迎指出。
1 十六进制字符转整型数字
功能：

将16进制的字符串转换为10进制的数字。我是没有找到相应的库函数，所以参考网上的代码自己手动写了个函数来实现。
常用的函数有atoi,atol,他们都是将10进制的数字字符串转换为int或是long类型，所以在有些情况下不适用。
/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: hex2dec.cpp
#         Desc: Convert a hex string to a int number
#       Author: Caibiao Lee
#      Version: 
#   LastChange: 2018-11-26 
#      History:
=============================================================================*/


#include   
#include   
#include   
#include 


int c2i(char ch)  
{  
    // 如果是数字，则用数字的ASCII码减去48, 如果ch = '2' ,则 '2' - 48 = 2  
    if(isdigit(ch))  
            return ch - 48;  


    // 如果是字母，但不是A~F,a~f则返回  
    if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' )  
            return -1;  


    // 如果是大写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去55, 如果ch = 'A' ,则 'A' - 55 = 10  
    // 如果是小写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去87, 如果ch = 'a' ,则 'a' - 87 = 10  
    if(isalpha(ch))  
            return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87;  


    return -1;  
} 


int hex2dec(char *hex)  
{  
    int len;  
    int num = 0;  
    int temp;  
    int bits;  
    int i;  
    char str[64] = {0};


 if(NULL==hex)
 {
  printf("input para error 
");
  return 0;
 }




 if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1])))
 {
  strcpy(str,&hex[2]);
 }else
 {
  strcpy(str,hex);
 }


 printf("input num = %s 
",str);


    // 此例中 str = "1de" 长度为3, hex是main函数传递的  
    len = strlen(str);  


    for (i=0, temp=0; i


	 

	2 字符串转整型

	    功能：

	    将正常输入的16进制或是10进制的字符串转换为int数据类型。

	 
/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: hex2dec.cpp
#         Desc: Convert a hex/dec string to a int number
#       Author: Caibiao Lee
#      Version: 
#   LastChange: 2018-12-03 
#      History:
=============================================================================*/
#include   
#include   
#include   
#include 


int String2int(char *strChar)
{
 int len=0;
 const char *pstrCmp1="0123456789ABCDEF";
 const char *pstrCmp2="0123456789abcdef";


 char *pstr=NULL;
 int uiValue=0;
 int j=0; 
 unsigned int t=0;
 int i=0;
 if(NULL==strChar)
  return -1;
 if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)strChar)))
  return -1;
 if(NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0x"))||NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0X")))
 {
  pstr=(char *)strChar+2;


  if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)pstr)))
   return -1;
  for(i=(len-1);i>=0;i--)
  {
   if(pstr[i]>'F')
   {
    for(t=0;t


	 

	3 创建文件并填充固定数据

	功能：

	    创建固定大小的一个文件，并且把这个文件填充为固定的数据。

	 
/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: CreateFile.cpp
#         Desc: 创建固定大小的文件，然后填充固定的数据
#       Author: Caibiao Lee
#      Version: 
#   LastChange: 2018-11-26 
#      History:
=============================================================================*/
#include   
#include   
#include   
#include 


//#define FILL_DATA_VALUE  0xff
#define FILL_DATA_VALUE  0x30 //char 0


int c2i(char ch)  
{  
    if(isdigit(ch))  
            return ch - 48;  


    if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' )  
            return -1;  


    if(isalpha(ch))  
            return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87;  


    return -1;  
} 


int hex2dec(char *hex)  
{  
    int len;  
    int num = 0;  
    int temp;  
    int bits;  
    int i;  
    char str[64] = {0};


 if(NULL==hex)
 {
  printf("input para error 
");
  return 0;
 }


 if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1])))
 {
  strcpy(str,&hex[2]);
 }else
 {
  strcpy(str,hex);
 }


 printf("input num = %s 
",str);


    len = strlen(str);  


    for (i=0, temp=0; i


	 

	    运行结果：

	 
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ gcc CreateFile.cpp 
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls
a.out  CreateFile.cpp  hex2dec.cpp  main.cpp  out.bin
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ./a.out ./out.bin 0x10
input num = 10 
Need To Write Data Len 16 
Fill Data Vale = 0x30 
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls
a.out  CreateFile.cpp  hex2dec.cpp  main.cpp  out.bin
biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ vim out.bin 
  1 0000000000000000   
                                  


	 

	4 批量处理图片

	功能：

	    批处理将图片前面固定的字节数删除。

	 
/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: CutFile.cpp
#         Desc: 批量处理，将图片的前面固定字节删除
#       Author: Caibiao Lee
#      Version: 
#   LastChange: 2018-11-26 
#      History:
=============================================================================*/
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 




#define START_READ_POSITION  128
#define PHOTO_START_TIME  83641
//l_s32PhotoTime = 92809;


int Cut_file(char * InputFile)
{
 FILE *l_pFileInput = NULL;
 FILE *l_pFileOutput = NULL;
 char l_ars8OutputName[128] = {0};
 unsigned char l_arru8TempData[1024] = {0};
 int l_s32Ret = 0;
 static unsigned int ls_u32Num = 0;




 if(NULL== InputFile) 
 {
  goto ERROR;
 }


 //sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/_%s",&InputFile[8]);
 sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/00%d.jpg",ls_u32Num++);


 //printf("out file name %s 
",l_ars8OutputName);


 l_pFileInput = fopen(InputFile,"rb+");
 if(NULL==l_pFileInput)
 {
  printf("input file open error
");
  goto ERROR;
 }


 l_pFileOutput = fopen(l_ars8OutputName,"w+");
 if(NULL==l_pFileOutput)
 {
  printf("out file open error
");
  goto ERROR;
 }


 fseek(l_pFileInput,START_READ_POSITION,SEEK_SET);


 while(!feof(l_pFileInput))
 {
  l_s32Ret = fread(l_arru8TempData,1,1024,l_pFileInput);
  if(l_s32Ret<0)
  {
   break;
  }


  l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8TempData,1,l_s32Ret,l_pFileOutput);
  if(l_s32Ret<0)
  {
   break;
  }
 }


ERROR:
 if(NULL!=l_pFileOutput)
 {
  fclose(l_pFileOutput);
  l_pFileOutput =NULL;
 };


 if(NULL !=l_pFileInput);
 {
  fclose(l_pFileInput);
  l_pFileInput =NULL;
 }
}


int main(void)
{
 char l_arrs8InputName[128] = {0};
 char l_s8PhotoChannel = 0;
 int  l_s32PhotoTime = 0;


 l_s8PhotoChannel = 3;
 l_s32PhotoTime = PHOTO_START_TIME;


 /**从第一通道开始**/
 for(int j=1;j


	 

	    运行结果：

	 
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ gcc CutFile.cpp 
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ls
a.out  CutFile.cpp  image  outfile
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ./a.out 
./image/1Y083642.jpg
./image/1Y083714.jpg
./image/1Y083747.jpg
./image/1Y083820.jpg
./image/1Y083853.jpg
./image/1Y083925.jpg
./image/1Y084157.jpg
./image/1Y084228.jpg
./image/1Y084301.jpg
./image/1Y084334.jpg
./image/1Y084406.jpg
./image/1Y084439.jpg
./image/1Y084711.jpg
./image/1Y084742.jpg
./image/1Y173524.jpg
./image/1Y173556.jpg
./image/1Y173629.jpg
./image/1Y173702.jpg
./image/1Y173933.jpg
./image/1Y174004.jpg
./image/1Y174244.jpg
./image/1Y174315.jpg
./image/1Y174348.jpg
./image/1Y174420.jpg
./image/1Y174454.jpg
./image/1Y174733.jpg
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ tree
.
├── a.out
├── CutFile.cpp
├── image
│   ├── 1Y083642.jpg
│   ├── 1Y083714.jpg
│   ├── 1Y083747.jpg
│   ├── 1Y083820.jpg
│   ├── 1Y083853.jpg
│   ├── 1Y083925.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084157.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084228.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084301.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084334.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084406.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084439.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084711.jpg
│   ├── 1Y084742.jpg
│   ├── 1Y173524.jpg
│   ├── 1Y173556.jpg
│   ├── 1Y173629.jpg
│   ├── 1Y173702.jpg
│   ├── 1Y173933.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174004.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174244.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174315.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174348.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174420.jpg
│   ├── 1Y174454.jpg
│   └── 1Y174733.jpg
└── outfile
    ├── 000.jpg
    ├── 0010.jpg
    ├── 0011.jpg
    ├── 0012.jpg
    ├── 0013.jpg
    ├── 0014.jpg
    ├── 0015.jpg
    ├── 0016.jpg
    ├── 0017.jpg
    ├── 0018.jpg
    ├── 0019.jpg
    ├── 001.jpg
    ├── 0020.jpg
    ├── 0021.jpg
    ├── 0022.jpg
    ├── 0023.jpg
    ├── 0024.jpg
    ├── 0025.jpg
    ├── 002.jpg
    ├── 003.jpg
    ├── 004.jpg
    ├── 005.jpg
    ├── 006.jpg
    ├── 007.jpg
    ├── 008.jpg
    └── 009.jpg


2 directories, 54 files
biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ 

    运行前需要创建两个目录，image用来存放需要处理的图片，outfile用来存放处理过后的文件。这种处理文件批处理方式很暴力，偶尔用用还是可以的。

	 

	5 IO控制小程序

	    嵌入式设备系统一般为了节省空间，一般都会对系统进行裁剪，所以很多有用的命令都会被删除。在嵌入式设备中要调试代码也是比较麻烦的，一般只能看串口打印。现在写了个小程序，专门用来查看和控制海思Hi3520DV300芯片的IO电平状态。

	 
/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: Hi3520_IO_CTRL.cpp
#         Desc: Hi3520DV300 IO Write and  Read
#       Author: Caibiao Lee
#      Version: 
#   LastChange: 2018-11-30
#      History:
=============================================================================*/
#include 
#include 
#include "hstGpioAL.h"


int PrintfInputTips(char *ps8Name)
{
 printf("=========== error!!! ========

");
 printf("usage Write: %s GPIO bit value 
", ps8Name);
 printf("usage Read : %s GPIO bit 
", ps8Name);
 printf("eg Write 1 to GPIO1_bit02  :     %s 1 2 1
", ps8Name);
 printf("eg Read  GPIO1_bit02 Value :     %s 1 2 

", ps8Name);


 printf("=============BT20==================
")
 printf("USB HUB    GPIO_0_2  1_UP; 0_Down 
");
 printf("RESET_HD   GPIO_13_0 0_EN; 1_disEN
");
 printf("Power_HD   GPIO_13_3 1_UP; 0_Down 
");
 return 0;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 if((3!=argc)&&(4!=argc))
 {
  PrintfInputTips(argv[0]);
  return -1;
 }


 unsigned char l_u8GPIONum = 0;
 unsigned char l_u8GPIOBit = 0;
 unsigned char l_u8SetValue = 0;


 GPIO_GROUP_E  l_eGpioGroup;
 GPIO_BIT_E   l_eBit;
 GPIO_DATA_E   l_eData;


 l_u8GPIONum   = atoi(argv[1]);
 l_u8GPIOBit   = atoi(argv[2]);


 if(l_u8GPIONum<14)
 {
  l_eGpioGroup = (GPIO_GROUP_E)l_u8GPIONum;
 }else
 {
  printf("l_u8GPIONum error l_u8GPIONum = %d
",l_u8GPIONum);
  return -1;
 };


 if(l_u8GPIOBit<8)
 {
  l_eBit = (GPIO_BIT_E)l_u8GPIOBit;
 }else
 {
  printf("l_u8GPIOBit error l_u8GPIOBit = %d
",l_u8GPIOBit);
  return -1;
 }


 if(NULL!=argv[3])
 {
  l_u8SetValue = atoi(argv[3]);
  if(0==l_u8SetValue)
  {
   l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue;
  }else if(1==l_u8SetValue)
  {
   l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue;
  }else
  {
   printf("l_u8SetValue error l_u8SetValue = %d
",l_u8SetValue);
  }
 }


 if(3==argc)                                                       
 {/**read**/                                                                                                                                                      
     printf("read GPIO%d Bit%d 
",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit);           
        /**set input**/                                               
        HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_INPUT);                        


     /**read **/                                                                               
     char l_s8bit_val = 0;                                                                     
     HstGpio_Get_Value(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, &l_s8bit_val);                                    


     printf("read Data = %d 
",l_s8bit_val);                                                  


   }else if(4==argc)                                                                             
   {/**write**/                                                                                                                                                                            
       printf("Write GPIO %d; Bit %d; Value %d
",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit,l_u8SetValue);         


       /***set IO output*/                                                                       
       HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_OUPUT);                                  


       /**Write To IO**/ 
    HstGpio_Set_Value(l_eGpioGroup,l_eBit,l_eData);
   }else                                            
   {                                                                                             


   }


 return 0;


}


	 

	6 文件固定位置插入数据

	    在文件的固定位置插入固定的数据。

	 
#include 
#include 
#include 


#define BASIC_FILE_NAME  "./nandflash.bin"
#define UBOOT_FILE_NAME  "./u-boot.bin"
#define KERNEL_FILE_NAME "./kernel.bin"
#define ROOTFS_FILE_NAME "./rootfs.bin"
#define APP_FILE_NAME  "./app.bin"




#define UBOOT_POSITION  0x00
#define KERNEL_POSITION  0x100000
#define ROOTFS_POSITION  0x500000
#define APP_POSITION  0x2700000






int InsertData(FILE *pfBasic,FILE *psInsert,int s32Position)
{
 int l_S32Ret = 0;
 unsigned char l_arru8Temp[1024] = {0xff};


 fseek(pfBasic,s32Position,SEEK_SET);
 fseek(psInsert,0,SEEK_SET);
 while(1)
 {
  l_S32Ret = fread(l_arru8Temp,1,1024,psInsert);
  if(l_S32Ret > 0)
  {
   l_S32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8Temp,1,l_S32Ret,pfBasic);
   if(l_S32Ret<=0)
   {
    printf("line %d error l_S32Ret = %d 
",__LINE__,l_S32Ret);
    return -1;
   }
  }else
  {
   break;
  }
 }


 return 0;
}






int main(void)
{
 int l_s32Ret = 0;
 FILE *l_pfBasec = NULL;
 FILE *l_pfUboot = NULL;
 FILE *l_pfKernel = NULL;
 FILE *l_pfRootfs = NULL;
 FILE *l_pfApp = NULL;




 l_pfBasec = fopen(BASIC_FILE_NAME,"r+");
 if(NULL==l_pfBasec)
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 l_pfUboot = fopen(UBOOT_FILE_NAME,"r");
 if(NULL==l_pfUboot)
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 l_pfKernel = fopen(KERNEL_FILE_NAME,"r");
 if(NULL==l_pfKernel)
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 l_pfRootfs = fopen(ROOTFS_FILE_NAME,"r");
 if(NULL==l_pfRootfs)
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 l_pfApp = fopen(APP_FILE_NAME,"r");
 if(NULL==l_pfApp)
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfUboot,UBOOT_POSITION))
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfKernel,KERNEL_POSITION))
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfRootfs,ROOTFS_POSITION))
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }


 if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfApp,APP_POSITION))
 {
  printf("line %d error 
",__LINE__);
  goto ERROR;
 }




ERROR:
 if(NULL!=l_pfBasec)
 {
  fclose(l_pfBasec);
  l_pfBasec = NULL;
 }


 if(NULL!=l_pfUboot)
 {
  fclose(l_pfUboot);
  l_pfUboot = NULL;
 }


 if(NULL!=l_pfKernel)
 {
  fclose(l_pfKernel);
  l_pfKernel = NULL;
 }




 if(NULL!=l_pfRootfs)
 {
  fclose(l_pfRootfs);
  l_pfRootfs = NULL;
 }


 if(NULL!=l_pfApp)
 {
  fclose(l_pfApp);
  l_pfApp = NULL;
 }


 return 0;
}


	 

	7 获取本地IP地址

	    在linux设备中获取本地IP地址可以使用下面的程序，支持最大主机有三个网口的设备，当然这个网卡数可以修改。

	 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 


int get_local_ip(char *ps8IpList)
{
    struct ifaddrs *ifAddrStruct;
    char l_s8IpAddr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    void *tmpAddrPtr;
    int l_s32IPCount = 0;


    getifaddrs(&ifAddrStruct);
    while (ifAddrStruct != NULL) 
    {
        if (ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr->sa_family==AF_INET)
        {
            tmpAddrPtr=&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, tmpAddrPtr, l_s8IpAddr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
            if (strcmp(l_s8IpAddr, "127.0.0.1") != 0) 
            {
                if(l_s32IPCount == 0)
                {
                        memcpy(ps8IpList, l_s8IpAddr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
                } else 
                {
                        memcpy(ps8IpList+INET_ADDRSTRLEN, l_s8IpAddr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
                }
                l_s32IPCount++;
            }
        }
        ifAddrStruct=ifAddrStruct->ifa_next;
    }


    freeifaddrs(ifAddrStruct);
    return l_s32IPCount;
}


int main()
{
    char l_arrs8IpAddrList[3][INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    int l_s32AddrCount;


    memset(l_arrs8IpAddrList, 0, sizeof(l_arrs8IpAddrList));


    l_s32AddrCount = get_local_ip(*l_arrs8IpAddrList);


    for(l_s32AddrCount;l_s32AddrCount>0;l_s32AddrCount--)
    {
        printf("Server Local IP%d: %s
",l_s32AddrCount,l_arrs8IpAddrList[l_s32AddrCount-1]);
    }


 return 0;
}
来源：https://caibiao-lee.blog.csdn.net/?type=blog

	 

	




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