【XR806开发板试用】通过http请求从心知天气网获取天气预报信息

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描述

1. 开发环境搭建

本次评测开发环境搭建在windows11的WSL2的Ubuntu20.04中,
(1) 在WSL的Ubuntu20.04下安装必要的工具的.

  • 安装git:

sudo apt-get install git

  • 安装gcc编译器套件:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

  • 安装bear,该工具用来生成编译数据库文件:compile_commands.json,可以实现编辑代码时智能提示和代码跳转.

sudo apt-get install bear

  • 安装ncurses库,使用make menuconfig配置工程时依赖该库.
    sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

(2)安装windows下必要的工具
我们编译的固件要通过串口烧录到XR806,由于WSL2下不能直接使用windows的串口,所以需要在windows下使用工具 usbipd共享串口给WSL2使用,

(3)搭建XR806编译开发环境

需要注意的是文章中提供的编译工具链gcc-arm-none-eabi-8-2019-q3-update下载链接无效,

2. 创建工程

我们在终端中进入工程跟目录,按如下步骤来配置工程和编译代码生成镜像:

# 复制默认配置文件到顶层目录(不切换工程可不要此步骤)
$ make PRJ=demo/wifi_sta defconfig
# 检查SDK 基础配置,如工程名、芯片型号、高频晶振、板级配置是否正确
$ make menuconfig
# 清理,切换工程时需要
$ make build_clean
# 编译代码并生成镜像文件,生成的镜像文件为“out/xr_system.img”
$ bear make build -j 12

依次执行上述命令后,在工程根目录执行如下命令,使用vscode打开工程
code .
在vscode中打开工程目录后,敲击F1键,弹出如下选择项,我们选择C/C++:编辑配置(UI)

vscode

在编译器路径输入框中输入XR806交叉编译器完整路径,如下图所示:

vscode

在高级设置下的编译命令输入框中输入编译数据库文件compile_commands.json的路径,如下图所示:

vscode

3. 编辑工程代码

想要从心知天气网获取天气预报,首先需要注册该网站账号. 注册账号并登陆,打开获取天气预报相关的API文档页
其中参数"your_api_key"是你获取天气预报信息的API密钥,该API密钥可以从心知天气网主页进入控制台页面,然后点击左侧的"免费版",即可看到自己的私钥,该私钥即为API 密钥,如下图所示:

vscode

接下来我们编写代码实现通过http请求从心知天气网获取未来3天的天气信息.

  1. 首先在main.c中添加必要的头文件:

    #include < stdio.h >
    #include < string.h >
    #include "kernel/os/os.h"
    #include "net/wlan/wlan.h"
    #include "net/wlan/wlan_defs.h"
    #include "common/framework/net_ctrl.h"
    #include "common/framework/platform_init.h"
    
    #include < errno.h >
    #include "lwip/err.h"
    #include "lwip/sockets.h"
    #include "lwip/sys.h"
    #include "lwip/inet.h"
    #include "lwip/netdb.h"
    #include "sys/select.h"
    
    #include "cjson/cJSON.h"
    
  2. 然后定义关于天气信息的结构体类型:

    /* 天气数据结构体 */
    typedef struct tagWeather
    {
     /* 实况天气数据 */
     char id[32];                //id
     char name[32];                //地名
     char country[32];            //国家
     char path[32];                //完整地名路径
     char timezone[32];            //时区
     char timezone_offset[32];   //时差
     char text[32];                //天气预报文字
     char code[32];                //天气预报代码
     char temperature[32];       //气温
     char last_update[32];        //最后一次更新的时间
    
    
     /* 今天、明天、后天天气数据 */
     char date[3][32];            //日期
     char text_day[3][64];        //白天天气现象文字
     char code_day[3][32];        //白天天气现象代码
     char code_night[3][64];     //晚间天气现象代码
     char high[3][32];            //最高温
     char low[3][32];            //最低温
     char wind_direction[3][64]; //风向
     char wind_speed[3][32];      //风速,单位km/h(当unit=c时)
     char wind_scale[3][32];      //风力等级
    } Weather_T;
    
  3. 再定义通过http的GET请求方式获取天气预报的请求头部:

    #define WEB_SERVER     "api.seniverse.com" // 天气预报网服务器地址
    #define WEB_PORT       "80"                // 天气预报网服务器端口号
    #define CONFIG_API_KEY "xxxxxxxxxxxxxx" // 你的API密钥,从心知天气网控制台页面获取
    /* 获取天气预报信息的http请求头部 */
    #define  GET_REQUEST_PACKAGE     
          "GET https://api.seniverse.com/v3/weather/daily.json?key=" CONFIG_API_KEY "&location=%s&language=zh-Hans&unit=crnrn"
    
    #define HTTPC_DEMO_THREAD_STACK_SIZE (8 * 1024) /* 任务栈大小 */
    
  4. 定义WiFi的ssid和password:

    char *sta_ssid = "xxxxxx";  // 你要连接的WiFi名
    char *sta_psk = "xxxxxxxx"; // 你要连接的WiFi密码
    char httpc_response_buf[2048]; //用于保存获取到的天气信息的原始数据
    int write_idx = 0;  // 写数据到httpc_response_buf的数组下标
    static OS_Thread_t httpc_demo_thread; // 获取天气的线程ID
    
  5. 编写WiFi联网初始化函数:

    void sta_start(void)
    {
     /* switch to sta mode */
     net_switch_mode(WLAN_MODE_STA);
    
    #if STA_MODE_USE_WPA2_ONLY
     /* set ssid and password to wlan, only use WPA2 mode to connect AP. */
     wlan_sta_config((uint8_t *)sta_ssid, strlen(sta_ssid), (uint8_t *)sta_psk, 0);
    #else
     /* set ssid and password to wlan, use WPA2|WPA3 compatible mode to connect AP. */
     wlan_sta_set((uint8_t *)sta_ssid, strlen(sta_ssid), (uint8_t *)sta_psk);
    #endif
    
     /* start scan and connect to ap automatically */
     wlan_sta_enable();
    }
    
  6. 在mian函数中添加如下代码

    int main(void)
    {
     observer_base *net_ob;
    
     platform_init();
    
     /* create an observer to monitor the net work state */
     net_ob = sys_callback_observer_create(CTRL_MSG_TYPE_NETWORK,
                                          NET_CTRL_MSG_ALL,
                                          net_cb,
                                          NULL);
     if (net_ob == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
    
     if (sys_ctrl_attach(net_ob) != 0) {
         return -1;
     }
    
     sta_start();
    
     return 0;
    }
    

    其中,函数sys_callback_observer_create创建一个事件监听器,当函数第1个参数CTRL_MSG_TYPE_NETWORK和第2个参数NET_CTRL_MSG_ALL所指定的事件发生时自动调用回调函数net_cb,此处表示所有的网络事件发生时均会调用回调函数net_cb,net_cb定义如下:

    static void net_cb(uint32_t event, uint32_t data, void *arg)
    {
     uint16_t type = EVENT_SUBTYPE(event);
    
     switch (type) {
     case NET_CTRL_MSG_NETWORK_UP: // WiFi sta连接AP成功并自动分配了ip地址
         {
         /* 打印本机的IP地址,网关,子网掩码 */
             struct netif *nif = wlan_netif_get(WLAN_MODE_STA);
             while (!NET_IS_IP4_VALID(nif)) {
                 OS_MSleep(100);
             }
    
             printf("local ip: %sn", ipaddr_ntoa(&nif- >ip_addr));
             printf("gw: %sn", ipaddr_ntoa(&nif- >gw));
             printf("netmask: %sn", ipaddr_ntoa(&nif- >netmask));
         }
         /*创建线程,通过http请求获取天气预报信息*/
         if (!OS_ThreadIsValid(&httpc_demo_thread)) {
             OS_ThreadCreate(&httpc_demo_thread,
                                 "httpc_demo_thread",
                                 httpc_demo_fun,
                                 (void *)NULL,
                                 OS_THREAD_PRIO_APP,
                                 HTTPC_DEMO_THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
         }
         break;
    
     case NET_CTRL_MSG_NETWORK_DOWN: //WiFi连接断开事件
         break;
    
     default:
         break;
     }
    }
    

    httpc_demo_fun函数的定义如下:

    static void httpc_demo_fun(void *arg)
    {
     http_get_weather("beijing");
     // 获取天气预报信息结束后,删除本线程
     OS_ThreadDelete(&httpc_demo_thread);
    }
    

    其中http_get_weather函数的参数即为想要获取天气预报的城市的汉语拼音名,定义如下:

    static void http_get_weather(char *city)
    {
     int32_t ret;
     char request_head[sizeof(REQUEST) + 64];
     const struct addrinfo hints = {
         .ai_family = AF_INET,
         .ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM,
     };
     struct addrinfo *res;
     struct in_addr *addr;
     int s, r;
     Weather_T weather_data = {0};
    
     bzero(httpc_response_buf, sizeof(httpc_response_buf));
     /* 通过服务器域名和端口获取服务器的IP地址相关信息 */
     ret = getaddrinfo(WEB_SERVER, WEB_PORT, &hints, &res);
     if (ret != 0 || res == NULL) {
         printf("DNS lookup failed ret=%d res=%pn", ret, res);
         return;
     }
     // Note: inet_ntoa is non-reentrant, look at ipaddr_ntoa_r for "real" code */
     addr = &((struct sockaddr_in *)res- >ai_addr)- >sin_addr;
     printf("DNS lookup succeeded. IP=%sn", inet_ntoa(*addr));
    
     /* 创建soocket */
     s = socket(res- >ai_family, res- >ai_socktype, 0);
     if(s < 0) {
         printf("... Failed to allocate socket.n");
         freeaddrinfo(res);
         return;
     }
     printf("... allocated socketn");
    
     /* 使用第1步获取的服务器IP地址连接服务器 */
     if(connect(s, res- >ai_addr, res- >ai_addrlen) != 0) {
         printf("... socket connect failed errno=%dn", errno);
         close(s);
         freeaddrinfo(res);
         return;
     }
    
     printf("... connectedn");
     freeaddrinfo(res);
    
     /* 使用城市名生成完整的http的GET请求头部并发送到服务器*/
     snprintf(request_head, sizeof(request_head), GET_REQUEST_PACKAGE, city);
     if (write(s, request_head, strlen(request_head)) < 0) {
         printf("... socket send failedn");
         close(s);
         return;
     }
     printf("... socket send successn");
    
     /* 读取服务器返回的应答数据 */
     /* Read HTTP response */
     do {
         r = read(s, &httpc_response_buf[write_idx], sizeof(httpc_response_buf) - write_idx -1);
         if (r > 0) {
             write_idx += r;
         }
     } while(r > 0 && write_idx < (sizeof(httpc_response_buf) - 1));
    
     printf("... done reading from socket. Last read return=%d write_idx=%u errno=%d.n", r, write_idx, errno);
     /* 打印服务器返回的数据 */
     for    (int i = 0; i < write_idx; ++i) {
         putchar(httpc_response_buf[i]);
     }
     puts("");
     /* 解析天气预报数据 */
     ret = cJSON_DailyWeatherParse(httpc_response_buf, &weather_data);
     if (ret == 0) {
     /* 格式化打印天气预报信息 */
         DisplayWeather(&weather_data);
     }
     close(s);
    }
    

    由于服务器返回的天气预报数据为json字符串, 我们编写函数cJSON_DailyWeatherParse解析天气预报json数据并保存到结构体变量weather_data中,cJSON_DailyWeatherParse函数和DisplayWeather函数的定义如下:

    static int cJSON_DailyWeatherParse(char *JSON, Weather_T *result)
    {
     cJSON *json,*arrayItem,*object,*subobject,*item,*sub_child_object,*child_Item;
    
     json = cJSON_Parse(JSON); //解析JSON数据包
     if(json == NULL)          //检测JSON数据包是否存在语法上的错误,返回NULL表示数据包无效
     {
         printf("Error before: [%s]n",cJSON_GetErrorPtr()); //打印数据包语法错误的位置
         return 1;
     }
     else
     {
         if ((arrayItem = cJSON_GetObjectItem(json,"results")) != NULL) //匹配字符串"results",获取数组内容
         {
             // int size = cJSON_GetArraySize(arrayItem);     //获取数组中对象个数
    #if DEBUG
             printf("Get Array Size: size=%dn",size);
    #endif
             if((object = cJSON_GetArrayItem(arrayItem,0)) != NULL)//获取父对象内容
             {
                 /* 匹配子对象1------结构体location */
                 if((subobject = cJSON_GetObjectItem(object,"location")) != NULL)
                 {
                     if((item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobject,"name")) != NULL) //匹配子对象1成员"name"
                     {
                         memcpy(result- >name, item- >valuestring,strlen(item- >valuestring));         // 保存数据供外部调用
                     }
                 }
                 /* 匹配子对象2------数组daily */
                 if((subobject = cJSON_GetObjectItem(object,"daily")) != NULL)
                 {
                     int sub_array_size = cJSON_GetArraySize(subobject);
    #if DEBUG
                     printf("Get Sub Array Size: sub_array_size=%dn",sub_array_size);
    #endif
                     for(int i = 0; i < sub_array_size; i++)
                     {
                         if((sub_child_object = cJSON_GetArrayItem(subobject,i))!=NULL)
                         {
                             // 匹配日期
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"date")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >date[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring));         // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配白天天气现象文字
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"text_day")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >text_day[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring));     // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配白天天气现象代码
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"code_day")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >code_day[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring));     // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配夜间天气现象代码
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"code_night")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >code_night[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring)); // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配最高温度
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"high")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >high[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring));         //保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配最低温度
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"low")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >low[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring));         // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配风向
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"wind_direction")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >wind_direction[i],child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring)); //保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配风速,单位km/h(当unit=c时)
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"wind_speed")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >wind_speed[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring)); // 保存数据
                             }
                             // 匹配风力等级
                             if((child_Item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(sub_child_object,"wind_scale")) != NULL)
                             {
                                 memcpy(result- >wind_scale[i], child_Item- >valuestring,strlen(child_Item- >valuestring)); // 保存数据
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 /* 匹配子对象3------最后一次更新的时间 */
                 if((subobject = cJSON_GetObjectItem(object,"last_update")) != NULL)
                 {
                     //printf("%s:%sn",subobject- >string,subobject- >valuestring);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     cJSON_Delete(json); //释放cJSON_Parse()分配出来的内存空间
    
     return 0;
    }
    
    /*******************************************************************************************************
    ** 函数: DisplayWeather,显示天气数据
    **------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ** 参数: weather_data:天气数据
    ** 返回: void
    ********************************************************************************************************/
    static void DisplayWeather(Weather_T *weather_data)
    {
     printf("===========%s近三天的天气情况如下===========n",weather_data- >name);
     printf("【%s】n",weather_data- >date[0]);
     printf("天气:%sn",weather_data- >text_day[0]);
     printf("最高温:%s℃n",weather_data- >high[0]);
     printf("最低温:%s℃n",weather_data- >low[0]);
     printf("风向:%sn",weather_data- >wind_direction[0]);
     printf("风速:%skm/hn",weather_data- >wind_speed[0]);
     printf("风力等级:%sn",weather_data- >wind_scale[0]);
     printf("n");
     printf("【%s】n",weather_data- >date[1]);
     printf("天气:%sn",weather_data- >text_day[1]);
     printf("最高温:%s℃n",weather_data- >high[1]);
     printf("最低温:%s℃n",weather_data- >low[1]);
     printf("风向:%sn",weather_data- >wind_direction[1]);
     printf("风速:%skm/hn",weather_data- >wind_speed[1]);
     printf("风力等级:%sn",weather_data- >wind_scale[1]);
     printf("n");
     printf("【%s】n",weather_data- >date[2]);
     printf("天气:%sn",weather_data- >text_day[2]);
     printf("最高温:%s℃n",weather_data- >high[2]);
     printf("最低温:%s℃n",weather_data- >low[2]);
     printf("风向:%sn",weather_data- >wind_direction[2]);
     printf("风速:%skm/hn",weather_data- >wind_speed[2]);
     printf("风力等级:%sn",weather_data- >wind_scale[2]);
    }
    
  7. 编译工程
    bear make build -j 8

  8. 烧录镜像到xr806
    首先使用USB线将开发板连上电脑,可能需要重新安装CP2102驱动,在Windows中打开powershell,输入如下命令:

    PS C:Users30751Desktop > usbipd wsl list
    BUSID  VID:PID    DEVICE                                                        STATE
    2-1    10c4:ea60  Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge (COM3)                 Not attached
    2-3    248a:8367  USB 输入设备                                                  Not attached
    2-6    0c45:6a1b  Integrated Webcam                                             Not attached
    2-10   8087:0026  英特尔(R) 无线 Bluetooth(R)                                   Not attached
    

    我们可以看到开发板连接的USB端口的的BUSID为2-1,接着使用如下命令将该USB串口共享给WSL:

    PS C:Users30751Desktop > usbipd wsl attach --busid 2-1
    usbipd: info: Using default WSL distribution 'Ubuntu-20.04'; specify the '--distribution' option to select a different one.
    

    接下来我们在Ubuntu终端中进入工程源码目录下的tools目录下,开启固件烧录USB串口的读写权限:
    sudo chmod 666 /dev/ttyUSB0
    使用如下命令烧录镜像到xr806
    ./phoenixMC
    烧录成功信息如下:

    vscode

    我们再次在Windows中打开powershell,输入如下命令将开发板连接到windows:
    usbipd wsl detach --busid 2-1
    我们在windows中打开终端软件Tera Term,连上开发板串口,复位开发板将会看到如下信息:

    use default flash chip mJedec 0x0
    [FD I]: mode: 0x10, freq: 96000000Hz, drv: 0
    [FD I]: jedec: 0x0, suspend_support: 1
    mode select:e
    
    wlan information ===================================================
    firmware:
     version : R0-XR_C07.08.52.67_ULP_R_02.132 Jan 10 2023 19:14:11-Y02.132
     buffer  : 8
    driver:
     version : XR_V02.06.10
    mac address:
     in use        : 8c:6d:08:3d:14:01
     in use        : 8c:6d:08:3d:14:02
    ====================================================================
    
    wlan mode:a
    
    platform information ===============================================
    XR806 SDK v1.2.2  Oct 21 2023 23:46:57 62800400
    
    heap space [0x217098, 0x24bc00), size 215912
    
    cpu  clock 160000000 Hz
    HF   clock  40000000 Hz
    
    sdk option:
     XIP           : enable
     INT LF OSC    : enable
     INT LDO       : select
     INT LDO / EXT PWR: enable
     SIP flash     : enable
    
    mac address:
     efuse         : 80:74:84:05:b9:ca
     in use        : 8c:6d:08:3d:14:01
    ====================================================================
    
    [net INF] no need to switch wlan mode 0
    [net INF] msg < wlan scan success >
    en1: Trying to associate with 8c:ab:8e:fd:c3:58 (SSID='302' freq=2412 MHz)
    en1: Associated with 8c:ab:8e:fd:c3:58
    en1: WPA: Key negotiation completed with 8c:ab:8e:fd:c3:58 [PTK=CCMP GTK=TKIP]
    en1: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 8c:ab:8e:fd:c3:58 completed [id=0 id_str=]
    [net INF] msg < wlan connected >
    [net INF] netif is link up
    [net INF] start DHCP...
    WAR drop=1135, fctl=0x00d0.
    [net INF] netif (IPv4) is up
    [net INF] address: 192.168.2.107
    [net INF] gateway: 192.168.2.1
    [net INF] netmask: 255.255.255.0
    [net INF] msg < network up >
    local ip: 192.168.2.107
    gw: 192.168.2.1
    netmask: 255.255.255.0
    DNS lookup succeeded. IP=116.62.81.138
    ... allocated socket
    ... connected
    ... socket send success
    ... done reading from socket. Last read return=0 write_idx=995 errno=107.
    {"results":[{"location":{"id":"WX4FBXXFKE4F","name":"北京","country":"CN","path":"北京,北京,中国","timezone":"Asia/Shanghai","timezone_offset":"+08:00"},"daily":[{"date":"2023-10-22","text_day":"晴","code_day":"0","text_night":"晴","code_night":"1","high":"21","low":"6","rainfall":"0.00","precip":"0.00","wind_direction":"无持续风向","wind_direction_degree":"","wind_speed":"8.4","wind_scale":"2","humidity":"61"},{"date":"2023-10-23","text_day":"晴","code_day":"0","text_night":"晴","code_night":"1","high":"21","low":"7","rainfall":"0.00","precip":"0.00","wind_direction":"无持续风向","wind_direction_degree":"","wind_speed":"3.0","wind_scale":"1","humidity":"75"},{"date":"2023-10-24","text_day":"晴","code_day":"0","text_night":"晴","code_night":"1","high":"23","low":"9","rainfall":"0.00","precip":"0.00","wind_direction":"无持续风向","wind_direction_degree":"","wind_speed":"3.0","wind_scale":"1","humidity":"75"}],"last_update":"2023-10-20T08:00:00+08:00"}]}
    ===========北京近三天的天气情况如下===========
    【2023-10-22】
    天气:晴
    最高温:21℃
    最低温:6℃
    风向:无持续风向
    风速:8.4km/h
    风力等级:2
    
    【2023-10-23】
    天气:晴
    最高温:21℃
    最低温:7℃
    风向:无持续风向
    风速:3.0km/h
    风力等级:1
    
    【2023-10-24】
    天气:晴
    最高温:23℃
    最低温:9℃
    风向:无持续风向
    风速:3.0km/h
    风力等级:1
    

    可以看到我们已经成功获取了北京的未来三天的天气情况.

    4. 总结

    通过本次开发板评测,掌握了XR806的WiFi相关API的使用,系统事件监听API的使用掌,握了sokect网络编程相关知识,掌握了cJSON的使用.

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