电子说
文本(Text)是用来显示字符串的组件,在界面上显示为一块文本区域。Text 作为一个基本组件,有很多扩展,常见的有按钮组件 Button,文本编辑组件 TextField。
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="Text"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"/ >
color_gray_element.xml:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? >
< shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle" >
< solid
ohos:color="#ff888888"/ >
< /shape >
图1 创建一个 Text
常用的背景如常见的文本背景、按钮背景,可以采用XML格式放置在 graphic 目录下。
在“Project”窗口,打开“entry > src > main > resources > base”,右键点击“base”文件夹,选择“New > Directory”,命名为“graphic”。右键点击“graphic”文件夹,选择“New > File”,命名为“textelement.xml”。
图2 创建 textelement.xml 文件后的 resources 目录结构
在 textelement.xml 中定义文本的背景:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? >
< shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle" >
< corners
ohos:radius="20"/ >
< solid
ohos:color="#ff888888"/ >
< /shape >
在 first_layout.xml 中引用上面定义的文本背景:
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="Text"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="Text"
ohos:text_size="28fp"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="15vp"
ohos:left_padding="15vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
图3 设置字体大小和颜色的效果
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="match_content"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="Text"
ohos:text_size="28fp"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:italic="true"
ohos:text_weight="700"
ohos:text_font="serif"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="15vp"
ohos:left_padding="15vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
图4 设置字体风格和字重的效果
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="300vp"
ohos:height="100vp"
ohos:text="Text"
ohos:text_size="28fp"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:italic="true"
ohos:text_weight="700"
ohos:text_font="serif"
ohos:left_margin="15vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
ohos:right_padding="15vp"
ohos:left_padding="15vp"
ohos:text_alignment="horizontal_center|bottom"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
图5 设置文本对齐方式的效果
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="75vp"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="TextText"
ohos:text_size="28fp"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:italic="true"
ohos:text_weight="700"
ohos:text_font="serif"
ohos:multiple_lines="true"
ohos:max_text_lines="2"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
图6 设置文本换行和最大显示行数的效果
Text对象支持根据文本长度自动调整文本的字体大小和换行。
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text1"
ohos:width="90vp"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:min_height="30vp"
ohos:text="T"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:italic="true"
ohos:text_weight="700"
ohos:text_font="serif"
ohos:multiple_lines="true"
ohos:max_text_lines="1"
ohos:auto_font_size="true"
ohos:right_padding="8vp"
ohos:left_padding="8vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
// 设置自动调整规则
text.setAutoFontSizeRule(30, 100, 1);
// 设置点击一次增多一个"T"
text.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(Component Component) {
text.setText(text.getText() + "T");
}
});
图7 自动调节字体大小
当文本过长时,可以设置跑马灯效果,实现文本滚动显示。前提是文本换行关闭且最大显示行数为1,默认情况下即可满足前提要求。
< Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="75vp"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="TextText"
ohos:text_size="28fp"
ohos:text_color="blue"
ohos:italic="true"
ohos:text_weight="700"
ohos:text_font="serif"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement"/ >
// 跑马灯效果
text.setTruncationMode(Text.TruncationMode.AUTO_SCROLLING);
// 启动跑马灯效果
text.startAutoScrolling();
图8 跑马灯效果
利用文本组件实现一个标题栏和详细内容的界面。
图9 界面效果
源码示例:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? > < DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element" > < Text ohos:id="$+id:text1" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:text_size="25fp" ohos:top_margin="15vp" ohos:left_margin="15vp" ohos:right_margin="15vp" ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement" ohos:text="Title" ohos:text_weight="1000" ohos:text_alignment="horizontal_center"/ > < Text ohos:id="$+id:text3" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="120vp" ohos:text_size="25fp" ohos:background_element="$graphic:textelement" ohos:text="Content" ohos:top_margin="15vp" ohos:left_margin="15vp" ohos:right_margin="15vp" ohos:bottom_margin="15vp" ohos:text_alignment="center" ohos:below="$id:text1" ohos:text_font="serif"/ >
< /DependentLayout >
color_light_gray_element.xml:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? >
< shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle" >
< solid
ohos:color="#ffeeeeee"/ >
< /shape >
textelement.xml:
< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"? >
< shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle" >
< corners
ohos:radius="20"/ >
< solid
ohos:color="#ff888888"/ >
< /shape >
审核编辑 黄宇
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