实验环境
序号 | 主机名 | IP地址 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | mysql-master | 192.168.204.201 | MySQL主库 |
2 | mysql-slave | 192.168.204.202 | MySQL从库 |
3 | appserver | 192.168.204.111 | 应用服务器 |
安装配置MySQL数据库
1.使用yum安装mysql和mysql-server
yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
2.启动mysql服务
systemctl start mariadb systemctl enable mariadb
3.查看启动状态
systemctl status mariadb netstat -anpt | grep "mysql" --color
4.允许3306端口通过防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
5.设置MySQL密码
mysql_secure_installation
6.在mysql-master上创建数据库
使用root用户登录MySQL
mysql -uroot -p123456
创建数据库并添加数据
create database db_test; show databases; use db_test; create table if not exists user_info( username varchar(16) not null, password varchar(32) not null, realname varchar(16) default '', primary key (username) )default charset=utf8; show tables; insert into user_info(username, password, realname) values ('10001', '123456', '小明'), ('10002', '123456', '小红'), ('10003', '123456', '小王'), ('10004', '123456', '小张'), ('10005', '123456', '小李'); select * from user_info where 1;
在mysql-master上授权数据库访问权限
GRANT all ON db_test.* TO 'admin'@'%' identified BY '123456'; flush privileges;
在mysql-slave、appserver上登录mysql-master数据库
mysql -h 192.168.204.201 -uroot -p123456
在mysql-master上撤销数据库访问权限
REVOKE all ON db_test.* FROM 'admin'@'%'; flush privileges;
配置master和slave两台mysql服务器的主从复制
1.在master数据库上启用binlog日志,建立从库账号rep
查看binlog日志状态
show variables like 'log_bin';
更改my.cnf配置文件
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
重启MySQL,查看binlog日志
systemctl restart mariadb mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show variables like 'log_bin';" mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show master status;"
记住此处File和Position的值
建立从库账号
grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.204.202' identified by '123456'; show grants for rep@'192.168.204.%';
2.在master数据库上备份现有数据库
对master数据库锁表
flush tables with read lock;
备份master数据库
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases | gzip > /root/database_`date '+%Y-%m-%d'`.sql.gz
将备份文件拷贝至slave
scp database_*.sql.gz root@192.168.204.202:/root
3. 配置slave数据库,在slave上恢复数据库
配置slave数据库server-id,关闭binlog日志
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf #log-bin=mysql-bin #binlog_format=mixed server-id = 2
4.重启slave的mysql
重启mysql服务
systemctl restart mariadb
查看log_bin和server_id的值
show variables like 'log_bin'; show variables like 'server_id';
5.将数据恢复至slave
gzip -d /root/database_*.sql.gz mysql -uroot -p123456 < /root/database_*.sql mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases;"
6.在slave数据库上配置复制参数
在slave上配置复制参数
将MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS的值替换成上述master上查询的值
change master to MASTER_HOST='192.168.204.201', MASTER_USER='rep', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
在slave上配置启用复制
start slave;
在slave上查看复制状态
show slave status G;
两个均为Yes即可
重启master和slave的mysql服务
systemctl restart mariadb
在master上为数据库db_test增加记录,在slave查看同步情况
-- mysql-master insert into db_test.user_info (username, password, realname) values ('20001', '123456', 'Tom'); select * from db_test.user_info where 1;
-- mysql-slave select * from db_test.user_info where 1;
已经实现了主从复制
在appserver上配置mysql读写分离
1.在appserver上安装mysql-proxy
从https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/proxy/下载mysql-proxy
cd ~ wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit.tar.gz tar -xzvf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit.tar.gz cp -r mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-sles11-x86-64bit /usr/local/mysql-proxy
2.在appserver上配置mysql-proxy
创建主配置文件
cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy mkdir lua #创建脚本存放目录 mkdir logs #创建日志目录 cp share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua ./lua/ #复制读写分离配置文件 cp share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin-sql.lua ./lua/ #复制管理脚本 vim /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf #创建配置文件
主配置文件内容
使用前,请去掉注释
#vim /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf [mysql-proxy] user=root #运行mysql-proxy用户 admin-username=myproxy #主从mysql共有的用户 admin-password=123456 #用户的密码 proxy-address=127.0.0.1:3306 #mysql-proxy运行ip和端口,不加端口默认4040 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.204.202 #指定后端从slave读取数据 proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.204.201 #指定后端master写入数据 proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua #指定读写分离配置文件位置 admin-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/admin-sql/lua #指定管理脚本 log-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/logs/mysql-proxy.log #日志位置 log-level=info #定义log日志级别,由高到低分别(error|warning|info|message|debug)
修改权限
chmod 660 /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf
3.在appserver上修改读写分离配置文件
vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua
修改以下内容
--- config -- -- connection pool if not proxy.global.config.rwsplit then proxy.global.config.rwsplit = { min_idle_connections = 1, -- 默认超过4个连接数时才开始读写分离 max_idle_connections = 1, -- 默认为8 is_debug = false } end
4.在appserver上启动mysql-proxy
启动
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/etc/mysql-proxy.cnf --daemon
查看进程
netstat -anpt | grep 3306
5.在mysql-master和mysql-slave上分别给myproxy授权
在mysql-master和mysql-slave上授权给mysql-proxy
grant all on *.* to 'myproxy'@'192.168.204.%' identified by '123456'; flush privileges;
6.在appserver上连接mysql-proxy,测试读写分离
在appserver上通过mysql-proxy操作数据库
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;" mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "insert into db_test.user_info (username, password, realname) values ('30001', '123456', 'Jack');" mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -umyproxy -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"
在mysql-master上查询
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"
在mysql-master上查询
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from db_test.user_info where 1;"
经验证,已实现读写分离
链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/connect/p/mysql-master-slave-copy-and-read-write-separation.html
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