本文将介绍基于米尔电子MYD-LR3576开发板(米尔基于瑞芯微 RK3576开发板)的人脸疲劳检测方案测试。
米尔基于RK3576核心板/开发板
【前言】
人脸疲劳检测:一种通过分析人脸特征来判断一个人是否处于疲劳状态的技术。其原理主要基于计算机视觉和机器学习方法。当人疲劳时,面部会出现一些特征变化,如眼睛闭合程度增加、眨眼频率变慢、打哈欠、头部姿态改变等。
例如,通过检测眼睛的状态来判断疲劳程度是一个关键部分。正常情况下,人的眨眼频率相对稳定,而当疲劳时,眨眼频率会降低,并且每次眨眼时眼睛闭合的时间可能会延长。同时,头部可能会不自觉地下垂或者摇晃,这些特征都可以作为疲劳检测的依据。米尔MYC-LR3576采用8核CPU+搭载6 TOPS的NPU加速器,3D GPU,能够非常轻松的实现这个功能,下面就如何实现这一功能分享如下:
【硬件】
1、米尔MYC-LR3576开发板
2、USB摄像头
【软件】
1、v4l2
2、openCV
3、dlib库:dlib 是一个现代化的 C++ 工具包,它包含了许多用于机器学习、图像处理、数值计算等多种任务的算法和工具。它的设计目标是提供高性能、易于使用的库,并且在开源社区中被广泛应用。
【实现步骤】
1、安装python-opencv
2、安装dlib库
3、安装v4l2库
【代码实现】
1、引入cv2、dlib以及线程等:
import cv2import dlibimport numpy as npimport timefrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorimport threading
2、初始化dlib的面部检测器和特征点预测器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
3、定义计算眼睛纵横比的函数
def eye_aspect_ratio(eye): A = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[1]) - np.array(eye[5])) B = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[2]) - np.array(eye[4])) C = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[0]) - np.array(eye[3])) ear = (A + B) / (2.0 * C) return ear
4、定义计算头部姿势的函数
def get_head_pose(shape):
# 定义面部特征点的三维坐标 object_points = np.array([ (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), # 鼻尖 (0.0, -330.0, -65.0),
# 下巴 (-225.0, 170.0, -135.0),
# 左眼左眼角 (225.0, 170.0, -135.0), # 右眼右眼角 (-150.0, -150.0, -125.0), # 左嘴角 (150.0, -150.0, -125.0)
# 右嘴角 ], dtype=np.float32)
image_pts = np.float32([shape[i] for i in [30, 8, 36, 45, 48, 54]]) size = frame.shape focal_length = size[1] center = (size[1] // 2, size[0] // 2) camera_matrix = np.array( [[focal_length, 0, center[0]], [0, focal_length, center[1]],
[0, 0, 1]], dtype="double" )
dist_coeffs = np.zeros((4, 1)) (success, rotation_vector, translation_vector) = cv2.solvePnP( object_points, image_pts, camera_matrix, dist_coeffs, flags=cv2.SOLVEPNP_ITERATIVE )
rmat, _ = cv2.Rodrigues(rotation_vector) angles, _, _, _, _, _ = cv2.RQDecomp3x3(rmat) return angles
5、定义眼睛纵横比阈值和连续帧数阈值
EYE_AR_THRESH = 0.3EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES = 48
6、打开摄像头
我们先使用v4l2-ctl --list-devices来例出接在开发板上的列表信息:
USB Camera: USB Camera (usb-xhci-hcd.0.auto-1.2): /dev/video60 /dev/video61 /dev/media7
在代码中填入60为摄像头的编号:
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(60)cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 480) # 降低分辨率cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 320)
7、创建多线程处理函数,实现采集与分析分离:
# 多线程处理函数def process_frame(frame): global COUNTER, TOTAL gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) faces = detector(gray, 0) # 第二个参数为0,表示不使用upsampling
for face in faces: landmarks = predictor(gray, face) shape = [(landmarks.part(i).x, landmarks.part(i).y) for i in range(68)]
left_eye = shape[36:42] right_eye = shape[42:48]
left_ear = eye_aspect_ratio(left_eye) right_ear = eye_aspect_ratio(right_eye) ear = (left_ear + right_ear) / 2.0
if ear < EYE_AR_THRESH: with lock: COUNTER += 1 else: with lock: if COUNTER >= EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES: TOTAL += 1 COUNTER = 0
# 绘制68个特征点
for n in range(0, 68): x, y = shape[n] cv2.circle(frame, (x, y), 2, (0, 255, 0), -1)
cv2.putText(frame, f"Eye AR: {ear:.2f}", (10, 30), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Blink Count: {TOTAL}", (10, 60), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
# 计算头部姿势
angles = get_head_pose(shape) pitch, yaw, roll = angles cv2.putText(frame, f"Pitch: {pitch:.2f}", (10, 120), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Yaw: {yaw:.2f}", (10, 150), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Roll: {roll:.2f}", (10, 180), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
# 判断疲劳状态 if COUNTER >= EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES or abs(pitch) > 30 or abs(yaw) > 30 or abs(roll) > 30: cv2.putText(frame, "Fatigue Detected!", (10, 210), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
return frame
8、创建图像显示线程:
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor: future_to_frame = {} while True: ret, frame = cap.read() if not ret: break
# 提交当前帧到线程池
future = executor.submit(process_frame, frame.copy()) future_to_frame[future] = frame
# 获取已完成的任务结果
for future in list(future_to_frame.keys()): if future.done(): processed_frame = future.result() cv2.imshow("Frame", processed_frame) del future_to_frame[future] break
# 计算帧数
fps_counter += 1 elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time if elapsed_time > 1.0: fps = fps_counter / elapsed_time fps_counter = 0 start_time = time.time() cv2.putText(processed_frame, f"FPS: {fps:.2f}", (10, 90), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
实现效果:
根据检测的结果,我们就可以来实现疲劳提醒等等的功能。
整体代码如下:
import cv2import dlibimport numpy as npimport timefrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorimport threading
# 初始化dlib的面部检测器和特征点预测器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
# 修改字体大小font_scale = 0.5 # 原来的字体大小是0.7,现在改为0.5
# 定义计算眼睛纵横比的函数
def eye_aspect_ratio(eye): A = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[1]) - np.array(eye[5])) B = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[2]) - np.array(eye[4])) C = np.linalg.norm(np.array(eye[0]) - np.array(eye[3])) ear = (A + B) / (2.0 * C) return ear
# 定义计算头部姿势的函数
def get_head_pose(shape):
# 定义面部特征点的三维坐标
object_points = np.array([ (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
# 鼻尖 (0.0, -330.0, -65.0),
# 下巴 (-225.0, 170.0, -135.0),
# 左眼左眼角 (225.0, 170.0, -135.0),
# 右眼右眼角 (-150.0, -150.0, -125.0),
# 左嘴角 (150.0, -150.0, -125.0)
# 右嘴角 ], dtype=np.float32)
image_pts = np.float32([shape[i] for i in [30, 8, 36, 45, 48, 54]]) size = frame.shape focal_length = size[1] center = (size[1] // 2, size[0] // 2) camera_matrix = np.array( [[focal_length, 0, center[0]], [0, focal_length, center[1]], [0, 0, 1]], dtype="double" )
dist_coeffs = np.zeros((4, 1)) (success, rotation_vector, translation_vector) = cv2.solvePnP( object_points, image_pts, camera_matrix, dist_coeffs, flags=cv2.SOLVEPNP_ITERATIVE )
rmat, _ = cv2.Rodrigues(rotation_vector) angles, _, _, _, _, _ = cv2.RQDecomp3x3(rmat) return angles
# 定义眼睛纵横比阈值和连续帧数阈值
EYE_AR_THRESH = 0.3EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES = 48
# 初始化计数器
COUNTER = 0TOTAL = 0
# 创建锁对象lock = threading.Lock()
# 打开摄像头cap = cv2.VideoCapture(60)cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 480) # 降低分辨率cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 320)
# 初始化帧计数器和时间戳
fps_counter = 0start_time = time.time()
# 多线程处理函数
def process_frame(frame): global COUNTER, TOTAL gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) faces = detector(gray, 0) # 第二个参数为0,表示不使用upsampling
for face in faces: landmarks = predictor(gray, face) shape = [(landmarks.part(i).x, landmarks.part(i).y) for i in range(68)]
left_eye = shape[36:42] right_eye = shape[42:48]
left_ear = eye_aspect_ratio(left_eye) right_ear = eye_aspect_ratio(right_eye) ear = (left_ear + right_ear) / 2.0
if ear < EYE_AR_THRESH: with lock: COUNTER += 1 else: with lock: if COUNTER >= EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES: TOTAL += 1 COUNTER = 0
# 绘制68个特征点 for n in range(0, 68): x, y = shape[n] cv2.circle(frame, (x, y), 2, (0, 255, 0), -1)
cv2.putText(frame, f"Eye AR: {ear:.2f}", (10, 30), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Blink Count: {TOTAL}", (10, 60), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
# 计算头部姿势
angles = get_head_pose(shape) pitch, yaw, roll = angles cv2.putText(frame, f"Pitch: {pitch:.2f}", (10, 120), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Yaw: {yaw:.2f}", (10, 150), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2) cv2.putText(frame, f"Roll: {roll:.2f}", (10, 180), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
# 判断疲劳状态
if COUNTER >= EYE_AR_CONSEC_FRAMES or abs(pitch) > 30 or abs(yaw) > 30 or abs(roll) > 30: cv2.putText(frame, "Fatigue Detected!", (10, 210), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_scale, (0, 0, 255), 2)
return frame
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor: future_to_frame = {} while True: ret, frame = cap.read() if not ret: break
# 提交当前帧到线程池
future = executor.submit(process_frame, frame.copy()) future_to_frame[future] = frame
# 获取已完成的任务结果
for future in list(future_to_frame.keys()): if future.done(): processed_frame = future.result() cv2.imshow("Frame", processed_frame) del future_to_frame[future] break
# 计算帧数
fps_counter += 1 elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time if elapsed_time > 1.0: fps = fps_counter / elapsed_time fps_counter = 0 start_time = time.time() cv2.putText(processed_frame, f"FPS: {fps:.2f}", (10, 90), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.7, (0, 0, 255), 2)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'): break
# 释放摄像头并关闭所有窗口
cap.release()cv2.destroyAllWindows()
【总结】
【米尔MYC-LR3576核心板及开发板】
这块开发板性能强大,能轻松实现对人脸的疲劳检测,通过计算结果后进入非常多的工业、人工智能等等的实用功能。
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