电子说
在电子设备的设计中,保护电路免受各种异常状况的影响至关重要。onsemi的NCP81428作为一款PMBus® 兼容的12 V、50 A可复位在线保险丝,为服务器、数据存储、基站和工业应用等领域提供了全面的保护解决方案。下面我们就来详细了解一下这款产品。
文件下载:onsemi NCP81428 PmBus®热插拔智能保险丝.pdf
NCP81428集成了0.65 mΩ NMOS FET、高性能热插拔控制器和非易失性存储器(NVM),采用LQFN32封装。它能够有效应对过流、过压、短路和浪涌电流等问题,可配置为单相解决方案,也能在多相应用中作为主设备或从设备,以支持更高的电流需求。

| NCP81428的引脚众多,每个引脚都有其特定的功能。例如,SCL和SDA用于PMBus串行通信,ON为使能输入,FAULT#_C和FAULT#_D用于主从设备之间的故障通信等。详细的引脚功能描述如下表所示: | Pin No. | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SCL | PMBus serial clock.Short to GND if not used. | |
| 2 | SDA | PMBus serial data input/output. Pull-up to 3.3 V if not used. | |
| 3 | ALERT# | ALERT pin is an Open drain output. A logic low alert signal of the PMBus interface. | |
| 4 | ON | Active high, enable input. | |
| 5 | FAULT#_C | Active low Fault communication pin in parallel applcation between master and slave devices. Connect FAULT#_C pins together in parallel applications. This pin is an output on the master and an input on the slave. | |
| 6 | FAULT#D | Active low Fault communication pin in parallel applcation between master and slave devices. Connect FAULT#_D pins together in parallel application. | |
| 7 | VINF | Control circuit power supply input.Connecto VIN pins through an RC fiter | |
| 8 | NC1 | Do not connect to this pin. Leave floating. | |
| 9 | VINO9 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 10 | VIN10 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 11 | VIN11 | Input of high current output swith (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 12 | VIN12 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 13 | VIN13 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 14 | VIN14 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFE drain connection). | |
| 15 | VIN15 | Input of high current output swith (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 16 | VIN16 | Input of high current output switch (MOSFET drain connection). | |
| 17 | NC2 | Do not connect to this pin. Leave floating. | |
| 18 | VTEMP | Analog temperature monitoring. Connect all VTEMP pins together in parallel applications. | |
| 19 | SS | Soft-start time programming pin. Connect a capacitor to this pin to set the soft-start time. The internal circuit controls the slew rate of the output voltage at turn-on. Connect all Ss pins together in parallel applications. | |
| 20 | GND | Ground | |
| 21 | VDD | Internal linear regulated supply output. Place a capacitor with a value of 4.7 uF or greater on this pin to maintain accuracy. | |
| 22 | IMON | Analog current monitor output,Connect a 2k resistor between pin and ground. A proportional current to the output current develops a voltage across the resistor. Connect all IMON pins together in parallel applications. | |
| 23 | PG | Power God, Open Drain output pin. Can be connected to VDD with a 100 kQ pull-up resistor. | |
| 24 | ADDR | PMBus address-setting pin. Connect a resistor from this pin to GND to set the device address. | |
| 25 | VOUT25 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection) | |
| 26 | VOUT26 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 27 | VOUT27 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 28 | VOUT28 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 29 | VOUT29 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 30 | VOUT30 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 31 | VOUT31 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 32 | VOUT32 | Output of high current output switch (MOSFET source connection). | |
| 33 | VIN33 | Input of high current output swith (MOSFET drain connection). |
NCP81428的电气参数在不同的工作条件下有明确的规定。典型值是在 $T{J}=25^{\circ} C$,$VIN=VINF=12.0 ~V$,$V{ON}=3.3 ~V$,$C{VINF}=0.1 \mu F$,$C{VDD}=4.7uF$,$C{SS}=100 nF$ 的条件下测量得到的,而最小/最大值在 $6 ~V ≤VIN ≤18 ~V$,$-40^{\circ} C ≤T{J} \leq+125^{\circ} C$ 的范围内有效。以下是一些关键电气参数的示例:
NCP81428在主从配置中有特定的初始化流程和状态机。上电后,当LDO输出超过VDD UVLO阈值时,设备将默认值加载到操作寄存器中,然后读取地址电阻(RADDR),以确定设备是主设备、从设备还是单设备,以及是否使用双线接口(TWI)进行数据传输。
主设备响应ON引脚的高电平或PMBus命令来启用,启用后可进行自动校准(Auto - Cal)或数据传输。在数据传输过程中,FAULT#_C和FAULT#_D分别作为时钟和数据信号,主设备向从设备传输数据。如果数据传输失败,主设备会尝试3次,若仍失败,则根据工厂设置选择继续使用默认值或关闭设备。
| NCP81428提供了多种系统配置方式,包括单设备配置、主从配置等。在主从配置中,最多可连接6个从设备。不同的配置方式通过ADDR引脚的电阻值来选择,以实现不同的功能,如启用或禁用NVM数据传输、PMBus通信等。以下是一些常见的配置示例: | 配置类型 | 描述 | 启用方法 | PMBus | TWI | ADDR Pin Resistor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单设备 | ON和/或SW | 是 | 否 | 20.0K NVM Data Transfer Disabled | ||
| 主设备 | ON和/或SW | 是 | 仅用于故障通信 | 9.31K,14.3K NVM Data Transfer Enabled 20.0K NVM Data Transfer Disabled | ||
| 单或多从设备 | FAULT#_C pulled up by Master | 是 | 26.7K to 73.2K NVM Data Transfer Enabled 86.6Kto 182K NVM Data Transfer Disabled | |||
| 单或多从设备 | - | 否 | Pulled to VDD (NVM Data Transfer Disabled) Shorted to GND (NVM Data Transfer Enabled) |
在启动过程中,NCP81428的电流限制取决于输入电压(VIN)和输出电压(VOUT)的相对水平。当VIN < 13.2 V时,不同VOUT/VIN比例下的电流限制不同,例如在0 < VOUT < 0.4xVIN时,典型电流限制为7.5 A。如果电流限制条件持续时间超过 $t{CL _ REG}$,设备将锁存关闭,若处于自动重试模式,则在 $t{DLY _ RETRY}$ 后尝试重新软启动。
NCP81428内置了高速电流感应SCP放大器,能够快速响应短路故障,在检测到故障后的 $t_{SC}$ 时间内开始拉低栅极电压。设备提供了三个可编程的过流保护级别(OCP),每个级别都可以设置去抖时间和复位定时器,以确保准确检测过流故障。
设备通过内部热传感器监测芯片温度,当温度超过过热警告阈值时,会通知主机采取相应措施;若超过过热关机故障阈值,设备将关闭。此外,NCP81428还具备FET故障检测功能,可检测VIN到VOUT短路、GATE到VIN短路和GATE泄漏等故障,并根据故障类型采取相应的保护措施。
| NCP81428的应用电路需要一些外部组件来确保其正常工作,以下是一些主要组件的信息: | Component | Manufacturer | Part Number | Value | Case Size | Voltage Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RVINF | Vishay | CRCW06031ROOFKEA | 1 | 0603 | 75V | |
| CVINF | Murata | 0603YC104KAT2A | 0.1pF | 0603 | 16V | |
| CvDD | Murata | GRM188C81E475KE11D | 4.7uF | 0603 | 25V | |
| Rimon | KOA Speer | RK73H1JTTD2001F | 2kg | 0603 | 75V | |
| Css | Murata | 0603YC104KAT2A | 0.1 pF | 0603 | 16V | |
| DIN | LittleFuse | SMBJ13A | Clamping Voltage = 21.5 V, Peak Current = 28 A | DO-214AA, 3.30 mm x4.06 mm | Vr=13V | |
| DoUT | onsemi | MBR2045EMFST3G | 20A | 8-SOFL,5mmx6mm | 45V |
热插拔eFuse容易受到电流突然中断的影响,输入电缆电感会在设备输入产生正电压瞬变尖峰,输出电感会在输出产生负电压尖峰。为了抑制这些尖峰,需要使用外部TVS二极管和二极管进行钳位。用户可以使用公式 $V{Spike }=V{D C}+I_{OUT } × \sqrt{(L / C)}$ 大致估算尖峰电压的大小。
onsemi的NCP81428是一款功能强大、性能卓越的热插拔智能保险丝,它在保护电路免受各种异常状况影响的同时,还提供了灵活的配置选项和精准的遥测功能。无论是在服务器、数据存储、基站还是工业应用中,NCP81428都能为电子设备的稳定运行提供可靠的保障。电子工程师在设计相关电路时,可以充分利用NCP81428的特性,提高产品的性能和可靠性。你在使用类似产品的过程中遇到过哪些问题呢?欢迎在评论区分享你的经验和见解。
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