NHD - 0216K1Z - FSW - FBW - L字符液晶显示模块技术解析

一、产品概述

NHD - 0216K1Z - FSW - FBW - L是Newhaven Display International, Inc.生产的一款字符液晶显示模块。它具有2行16字符的显示能力，内置ST7066U控制器，采用+5.0V电源供电，具备1/16 duty、1/5 bias的特性，并且符合RoHS标准。

文件下载：NHD-0216K1Z-FSW-FBW-L.pdf

二、模块特性

2.1 功能特点

• 显示能力：能够清晰显示2行16个字符，满足基本的信息展示需求。
• 内置控制器：ST7066U控制器集成度高，方便开发人员进行控制和驱动。
• 电源与参数：+5.0V电源供电，1/16 duty和1/5 bias的设置确保了稳定的显示效果。
• 环保标准：符合RoHS标准，符合环保要求。

2.2 引脚描述

Pin No.	Symbol	External Connection	Function Description
1	VSS	Power Supply	Ground
2	VDD	Power Supply	Supply Voltage for logic (+5.0V)
3	V0	Adj Power Supply	Supply Voltage for contrast (approx. 0.6V)
4	RS	MPU	Register Select signal. RS = 0: Command, RS = 1: Data
5	R/W	MPU	Read/Write select signal, R/W = 1: Read R/W: = 0: Write
6	E	MPU	Operation Enable signal. Falling edge triggered.
7 - 10	DB0 – DB3	MPU	Four low order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. Not used during 4 - bit operation.
11 - 14	DB4 – DB7	MPU	Four high order bi - directional three - state data bus lines.
15	LED+	Power Supply	Backlight Anode (+5.0V via on - board resistor)
16	LED -	Power Supply	Backlight Cathode (Ground)

推荐使用2.54mm间距的引脚作为LCD连接器。

三、电气与光学特性

3.1 电气特性

Item	Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Operating Temperature Range	TOP	Absolute Max	- 20	-	+70	⁰C
Storage Temperature Range	TST	Absolute Max	- 30	-	+80	⁰C
Supply Voltage	VDD	-	4.7	5.0	5.5	V
Supply Current	IDD	VDD = 5.0V	1.0	1.5	2.5	mA
Supply for LCD (contrast)	VDD - V0	TOP = 25°C	4.2	4.4	4.6	V
“H” Level input	VIH	-	0.7 * VDD	-	VDD	V
“L” Level input	VIL	-	VSS	-	0.6	V
“H” Level output	VOH	-	3.9	-	VDD	V
“L” Level output	VOL	-	VSS	-	0.4	V
Backlight Supply Voltage	VLED	-	4.8	5.0	5.2	V
Backlight Supply Current	ILED	VLED = 5.0V	10	15	20	mA

3.2 光学特性

Item		Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Optimal Viewing Angles	Top	ϕY+	Cr ≥ 2	-	40	-	⁰
	Bottom	ϕY -	-	60	-	⁰
	Left	θX -	-	60	-	⁰
	Right	θX+	-	60	-	⁰
Contrast Ratio		CR	-	2	5	-	-
Response Time	Rise	TR	TOP = 25°C	-	150	250	ms
	Fall	TF	-	200	300	ms

四、控制器信息

模块内置ST7066U控制器，其详细规格可从http://www.newhavendisplay.com/app_notes/ST7066U.pdf下载。DDRAM地址分配如下：	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	14
									00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F
									40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F

五、指令表

Instruction	Instruction code										Description	270 KHZ Execution time (fOSC =
RS										R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
Clear Display	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	1	Write “20H” to DDRAM and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC	1.52ms
Return Home	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	1	-	Set DDRAM Address to “00H” from AC and return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed.	1.52ms
Entry mode Set	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1	I/D	SH	Sets cursor move direction and specifies display shift. These parameters are performed during data write and read.	37µs
Display ON/ OFF control	0	0	0	0	0	0	1		D	C	B	D = 1: Entire display on C = 1: Cursor on B = 1: Blinking cursor on	37µs
Cursor or Display shift	0	0	0	0	0	1	S/C		R/L	-	-	Sets cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction without changing DDRAM data.	37µs
Function set	0	0	0	0	1	DL	N		F	-	-	DL: Interface data is 8/4 bits N: Number of lines is 2/1 F: Font size is 5x11/5x8	37µs
Set CGRAM Address	0	0	0	1							AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set CGRAM address in address counter	37µs
Set DDRAM Address	0	0	1								AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set DDRAM address in address counter.	37µs
Read busy Flag and Address	0	1	BF								AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Whether during internal operation or not can be known by reading BF. The contents of address counter can also be read.	0s
Write data To Address	1	0	D7	D6	D5	D4		D3	D2	D1	D0	Write data into internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs
Read data From RAM	1	1	D7	D6	D5	D4		D3	D2	D1	D0	Read data from internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs

六、时序特性

6.1 从MPU向ST7066U写数据

Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200			ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E			25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10	-		ns
TDSW	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	40	-		ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

6.2 从ST7066U向MPU读数据

Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200		0	ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E			25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10			ns
TDDR	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7		-	100	ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

七、初始化程序

7.1 8位初始化

void command(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0; //D/I=LOW : send instruction 
    R_W = 0; //R/W=LOW:Write
    E = 1;
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge 
} 

void write(char i) 
{
    E = 0;
    P1 = i;
    D_I = 1; //D/I=HIGH : send data
    R_W = 0; //R/W=LOW:Write
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    Delay(1);
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
} 

void init() 
{
    E = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up 
    command(0x30);
    Delay(30);
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x38);
    command(0x38); //Function set: 8-bit/2-line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0c); 
    command(0x06); //Set cursor //Display ON; Cursor ON //Entry mode set
}

7.2 4位初始化

void command(char i) 
{
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0; //D/I=LOW : send instruction 
    Nybble(); 
    R_W = 0; 
    i = i < < 4; 
    P1 = i; 
    Nybble(); //Send Upper 4 bits //Shift over by 4 bits //put data on output Port //Send Lower 4 bits
} 

void write(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    D_I = 1; //D/I=HIGH: send data
    R_W = 0; 
    Nybble(); 
    i = i < < 4; 
    P1 = i; 
    Nybble(); //Clock Upper 4 bits //Shift over by 4 bits //put data on output Port //Clock Lower 4 bits
} 

void Nybble() 
{
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
}

void init() 
{
    P1 = 0; 
    P3 = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    P1 = 0x30;
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    Delay(30);
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30= Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //can check busy flag now instead of delay 
    P1 = 0x20; 
    Nybble(); //Function set: 4-bit interface 
    Nybble();
    command(0x28);
    command(0x28); //Function set: 4-bit/2-line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0F); //Set cursor
    command(0x0F); //Display ON; Blinking cursor 
    command(0x06); //Entry Mode set
}

八、质量信息与注意事项

8.1 质量测试

Test Item	Content of Test	Test Condition	Note
High Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time.	+80⁰C , 48hrs	2
Low Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the low storage temperature for a long time.	-30⁰C , 48hrs	1,2
High Temperature Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal stress for a long time.	+70⁰C 48hrs	2
Low Temperature Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the low thermal stress for a long time.	-20⁰C , 48hrs	1,2
High Temperature / Humidity Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal with high humidity stress for a long time.	+40⁰C , 90% RH , 48hrs	1,2
Thermal Shock resistance	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) during a cycle of low and high thermal stress.	0⁰C,30min -> 25⁰C,5min -> 50⁰C,30min = 1 cycle 10 cycles
Vibration test	Endurance test applying vibration to simulate transportation and use.	10 - 55Hz , 15mm amplitude.