NHD - 0216K1Z - NSPG - FBW字符液晶显示模块技术解析

在电子设备的设计中，液晶显示模块是人机交互的重要组成部分。今天我们来深入了解一下Newhaven Display International公司的NHD - 0216K1Z - NSPG - FBW字符液晶显示模块，它具备诸多特性，能满足多种应用场景的需求。

文件下载：NHD-0216K1Z-NSPG-FBW.pdf

一、模块概述

NHD - 0216K1Z - NSPG - FBW是一款2行x16字符的液晶显示模块，其型号各部分含义如下：

• “0216 - ”：代表2行x16字符的显示规格。
• “K1Z - ”：为具体的型号标识。
• “N - ”：表示透射式显示。
• “SPG - ”：意味着采用绿色LED背光。
• “F - ”：代表FSTN负性显示。
• “B - ”：表示6:00最佳视角。
• “W - ”：具备宽温度特性，并且符合RoHS标准。

二、功能与特性

2.1 基本特性

• 显示规格：2行x16字符的显示布局，能够清晰展示所需信息。
• 内置控制器：采用ST7066U控制器，为显示功能提供了稳定的支持。
• 电源供应：使用 +5.0V 电源，方便与常见的电子系统集成。
• 驱动参数：1/16 duty，1/5 bias的驱动方式，确保显示效果的稳定性。
• 环保标准：符合RoHS标准，满足环保要求。

2.2 引脚说明与接线图

该模块的引脚功能明确，如下表所示：	Pin No.	Symbol	External Connection	Function Description
1	VSS	Power Supply	Ground
2	VDD	Power Supply	Supply Voltage for Logic (+5.0V)
3	V0	Adj. Power Supply	Supply Voltage for Contrast (approx. 1.3V)
4	RS	MPU	Register Select signal. RS = 0: Command, RS = 1: Data
5	R/W	MPU	Read/Write select signal, R/W = 1: Read R/W: = 0: Write
6	E	MPU	Operation Enable signal. Falling edge triggered.
7 - 10	DB0 – DB3	MPU	Four low order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. These four are not used during 4 - bit operation.
11 - 14	DB4 – DB7	MPU	Four high order bi - directional three - state data bus lines.
15	LED+	Power Supply	Backlight Anode (5.0V via on - board resistor)
16	LED -	Power Supply	Backlight Cathode (Ground)

推荐使用2.54mm间距的引脚作为LCD连接器。

三、电气与光学特性

3.1 电气特性

Item	Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Operating Temperature Range	TOP	Absolute Max	-20	-	+70	⁰C
Storage Temperature Range	TST	Absolute Max	-30	-	+80	⁰C
Supply Voltage	VDD	-	4.5	5.0	5.5	V
Supply Current	IDD	VDD = 5.0V	0.5	1.0	2.0	mA
Supply for LCD (contrast)	VLCD	TOP = 25°C	3.5	3.7	3.9	V
“H” Level input	VIH	-	0.7 * VDD	-	VDD	V
“L” Level input	VIL	-	VSS	-	0.6	V
“H” Level output	VOH	-	3.9	-	VDD	V
“L” Level output	VOL	-	VSS	-	0.4	V
Backlight Supply Current	VLED	-	4.9	5.0	5.1	V
Backlight Supply Voltage	ILED	VLED = 5.0 V	90	130	156	mA

3.2 光学特性

Item			Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Optimal Viewing Angles	Top		ϕY+	CR ≥ 2	-	30	-	°
Bottom		ϕY -	-	60	-	°
Left		θX -	-	45	-	°
Right			θX+	-	45	-	°
Contrast Ratio			CR	-	-	5	-	-
Response Time		Rise	TR	TOP = 25°C	-	150	200	ms
	Fall	TF	-	150	200	ms

从这些特性中我们可以看出，该模块在不同的温度环境下都能保持较好的性能，并且具有合适的电气参数和良好的光学显示效果。大家在实际应用中，是否会根据这些特性来选择合适的工作环境呢？

四、控制器信息与指令表

4.1 控制器

内置ST7066U控制器，其详细规格可从http://www.newhavendisplay.com/app_notes/ST7066U.pdf下载。

4.2 指令表

该模块提供了丰富的指令，用于控制显示内容和操作，如下表所示：	Instruction	Instruction code											Description	270 KHZ Execution time (fOSC =
RS										R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
Clear Display	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	0	1	Write “20H” to DDRAM and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC	1.52ms
Return Home	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		0	1	-	Set DDRAM Address to “00H” from AC and return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed.	1.52ms
Entry mode Set	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1	I/D	SH	Sets cursor move direction and specifies display shift. These parameters are performed during data write and read.	37µs
Display ON/ OFF control	0	0	0	0	0	0	1		D	C	B	D = 1: Entire display on C = 1: Cursor on B = 1: Blinking cursor on	37µs
Cursor or Display shift	0	0	0	0	0	1	S/C		R/L	-	-	Sets cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction without changing DDRAM data.	37µs
Function set	0	0	0	0	1	DL	N		F	-	-	DL: Interface data is 8/4 bits N: Number of lines is 2/1 F: Font size is 5x11/5x8	37µs
Set CGRAM Address	0	0	0	1							AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set CGRAM address in address counter	37µs
Set DDRAM Address	0	0	1								AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set DDRAM address in address counter.	37µs
Read busy Flag and Address	0	1	BF								AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Whether during internal operation or not can be known by reading BF. The contents of address counter can also be read.	0s
Write data To Address	1	0	D7	D6	D5	D4		D3	D2	D1	D0	Write data into internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs
Read data From RAM	1	1	D7	D6	D5	D4		D3	D2	D1	D0	Read data from internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs

这些指令为工程师实现各种显示功能提供了便利，大家在使用时是否会根据具体需求灵活组合这些指令呢？

五、时序特性

5.1 写数据时序

从MPU向ST7066U写数据时，有如下时序要求：	Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200			ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E			25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10	-		ns
TDSW	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	40	-		ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

5.2 读数据时序

从ST7066U向MPU读数据时，时序要求如下：	Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200		0	ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E			25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10			ns
TDDR	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7		-	100	ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

严格遵守这些时序要求，才能确保数据的准确读写，大家在实际设计中是否会特别关注这些时序参数呢？

六、初始化程序

6.1 8位初始化

void command(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction 
    R_W = 0; //R/W = LOW:Write
    E = 1;
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge 
} 

void write(char i) 
{
    E = 0;
    P1 = i;
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    D_I = 1; //D/I = HIGH : send data
    R_W = 0; //R/W = LOW:Write
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    Delay(1);
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
} 

void init() 
{
    E = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up 
    command(0x30);
    Delay(30);
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x38);
    command(0x38); //Function set: 8 - bit/2 - line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0c); 
    command(0x06); //Set cursor //Display ON; Cursor ON //Entry mode set
}

6.2 4位初始化

void command(char i) 
{
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction 
    R_W = 0; 
    Nybble(); 
    P1 = i; 
    i = i < < 4; //R/W = LOW:Write //Send upper 4 bits //Shift over by 4 bits
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    Nybble(); //Send upper 4 bits
} 

void write(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    P1 = i;
    D_I = 1; //D/I = HIGH: send data
    R_W = 0; 
    Nybble(); 
    i = i < < 4; 
    P1 = i; 
    Nybble(); //R/W = LOW: Write //Clock upper 4 bits //Shift over by 4 bits //put data on output Port //Clock upper 4 bits
} 

void Nybble() 
{
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
}

void init() 
{
    P1 = 0; 
    P3 = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    P1 = 0x30;
    P1 = 0x30; //put 0x30 on the output port 
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    Delay(30);
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //can check busy flag now instead of delay 
    P1 = 0x20; //put 0x20 on the output port 
    P1 = 0x20;
    Nybble();
    Nybble(); //Function set: 4 - bit interface 
    command(0x28);
    command(0x28); //Function set: 4 - bit/2 - line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0F); //Set cursor
    command(0x0F); //Display ON; Blinking cursor 
    command(0x06); //Entry Mode set
}

不同的初始化方式适用于不同的应用场景，大家在实际开发中会如何选择呢？

七、质量信息与使用注意事项

7.1 质量测试

该模块经过了多项质量测试，如下表所示：	Test Item	Content of Test	Test Condition	Note
High Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time.	+80⁰C , 200 Hrs.	2
Low Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the low storage temperature for a long time.	-30⁰C , 200 Hrs.	1,2
High Temperature