深入解析NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - BBW - L字符液晶显示模块

在电子设计领域，液晶显示模块是人机交互中不可或缺的组件。今天我们就来详细解析Newhaven Display International公司的NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - BBW - L字符液晶显示模块，看看它有哪些特性和优势，以及如何在实际项目中应用。

文件下载：NHD-0216K1Z-NSW-BBW-L.pdf

模块概述

产品命名含义

NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - BBW - L这个型号包含了丰富的信息：

• “NHD - ”代表Newhaven Display。
• “0216 - ”表示该模块有2行，每行可显示16个字符。
• “K1Z - ”是具体的型号。
• “N - ”表示透射式。
• “SW - ”代表侧面白色LED背光。
• “B - ”有两个含义，一是STN - 蓝色（ - ），二是6:00最优视角。
• “W - ”表示宽温度范围。
• “L - ”意味着低功耗，并且该产品符合RoHS标准。

功能与特性

• 显示能力：具备2行×16字符的显示能力，能满足基本的信息展示需求。
• 内置控制器：采用ST7066U控制器，为显示功能提供了稳定的支持。
• 电源要求：使用 +5.0V 电源供电，采用1/16 duty，1/5 bias。
• 环保标准：符合RoHS标准，体现了环保理念。

机械与电气特性

机械绘图

机械绘图相关信息属于Newhaven Display International公司的专有财产，未经许可不得复制、再现和披露。

引脚描述与接线图

Pin No.	Symbol	External Connection	Function Description
1	VSS	Power Supply	Ground
2	VDD	Power Supply	Supply Voltage for logic (+5.0V)
3	V0	Adj Power Supply	Power supply for contrast (approx. 1.3V)
4	RS	MPU	Register Select signal. RS = 0: Command, RS = 1: Data
5	R/W	MPU	Read/Write select signal, R/W = 1: Read R/W: = 0: Write
6	E	MPU	Operation Enable signal. Falling edge triggered.
7 - 10	DB0 – DB3	MPU	Four low order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. These four are not used during 4 - bit operation.
11 - 14	DB4 – DB7	MPU	Four high order bi - directional three - state data bus lines.
15	LED+	Power Supply	Backlight Anode (+5.0V via on - board resistor)
16	LED -	Power Supply	Backlight Cathode (Ground)

推荐的LCD连接器为2.54mm间距引脚，不过文档中未提及背光连接器的匹配信息。

电气特性

Item	Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Operating Temperature Range	T OP	Absolute Max	-20	-	+70	⁰C
Storage Temperature Range	T ST	Absolute Max	-30	-	+80	⁰C
Supply Voltage	V DD	-	4.5	5.0	5.5	V
Supply Current	I DD	T OP = 25°C	0.5	1.0	2.0	mA
Supply for LCD (contrast)	V IH	V DD = 5.0V	3.6	3.7	3.8	V
“H” Level input	V IL	-	0.7*V DD	-	V DD	V
“L” Level input	V OH	-	V SS	-	0.6	V
“H” Level output	V OL	-	3.9	-	V DD	V
“L” Level output	T OP	-	V SS	-	0.4	V
Backlight Supply Current	I LED	-	10	32	40	mA
Backlight Supply Voltage	V LED	I LED = 32mA	-	5.0	-	V

从这些电气特性可以看出，该模块在较宽的温度范围内都能正常工作，并且对电源的要求也比较常见，方便在不同的应用场景中使用。

光学特性

Item			Symbol	Condition	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Unit
Optimal Viewing Angles	Top		ϕY+	Cr ≥ 2	-	20	-	°
Bottom		ϕY -	-	40	-	°
Left		θX -	-	30	-	°
Right			θX+	-	30	-	°
Contrast Ratio			Cr	-	-	3	-	-
Response Time		Rise	Tr	-	-	150	200	ms
	Fall	Tf	-	-	150	200	ms

了解这些光学特性有助于我们在实际应用中合理设置视角和对比度，以获得最佳的显示效果。

控制器信息

模块内置ST7066U控制器，其详细规格可从http://www.newhavendisplay.com/app_notes/ST7066U.pdf下载。同时，文档还给出了DDRAM地址的相关信息，方便我们进行数据的读写操作。

指令表

Instruction	Instruction code										Description	270 KHZ Execution time (fosc =
RS									R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
Clear Display	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	Write “20H” to DDRAM and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC	1.52ms
Return Home	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	-	Set DDRAM Address to “00H” from AC and return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed.	1.52ms
Entry mode Set	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	I/D	SH	Sets cursor move direction and specifies display shift. These parameters are performed during data write and read.	37µs
Display ON/ OFF control	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	D	C	B	D = 1: Entire display on C = 1: Cursor on B = 1: Blinking cursor on	37µs
Cursor or Display shift	0	0	0	0	0	1	S/C	R/L	-	-	Sets cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction without changing DDRAM data.	37µs
Function set	0	0	0	0	1	DL	N	F	-	-	DL: Interface data is 8/4 bits N: Number of lines is 2/1 F: Font size is 5x11/5x8	37µs
Set CGRAM Address	0	0	0	1						AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set CGRAM address in address counter	37µs
Set DDRAM Address	0	0	1							AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set DDRAM address in address counter.	37µs
Read busy Flag and Address	0	1	BF							AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Whether during internal operation or not can be known by reading BF. The contents of address counter can also be read.	0s
Write data To Address	1	0	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0	Write data into internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs
Read data From RAM	1	1	D7	D6	D5	D4	D3	D2	D1	D0	Read data from internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs

这些指令为我们控制显示模块提供了详细的操作方法，工程师可以根据实际需求选择合适的指令进行编程。

时序特性

从MPU向ST7066U写数据

Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200			ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E			25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10	-		ns
TDSW	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	40	-		ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

从ST7066U向MPU读数据

Tc	Enable Cycle Time	Pin E	1200		-	ns
TPW	Enable Pulse Width	Pin E	140			ns
TR,TF	Enable Rise/Fall Time	Pin E		-	25	ns
TAS	Address Setup Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	0	0		ns
TAH	Address Hold Time	Pins: RS,RW,E	10			ns
TDDR	Data Setup Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	-		100	ns
TH	Data Hold Time	Pins: DB0 - DB7	10			ns

了解这些时序特性对于正确地进行数据读写操作至关重要，在设计电路和编写程序时需要严格按照这些时序要求来进行。

初始化程序示例

文档中给出了8位和4位初始化的程序示例，这为工程师在实际应用中快速实现模块的初始化提供了参考。大家可以根据自己的需求选择合适的初始化方式。

质量信息与注意事项

质量测试

Test Item	Content of Test	Test Condition	Note
High Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the high storage temperature for a long time.	+80⁰C , 200hrs	2
Low Temperature storage	Endurance test applying the low storage temperature for a long time.	-30⁰C , 200hrs	1,2
High Temperature Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal stress for a long time.	+70⁰C , 200hrs	2
Low Temperature Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the low thermal stress for a long time.	-20⁰C , 200hrs	1,2
High Temperature / Humidity Operation	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) and the high thermal with high humidity stress for a long time.	+60⁰C , 90% RH , 96hrs	1,2
Thermal Shock resistance	Endurance test applying the electric stress (voltage & current) during a cycle of low and high thermal stress.	-20⁰C, 30min -> 25⁰C, 5min -> 70⁰C, 30min = 1 cycle For 10 cycles
Vibration test	Endurance test applying vibration to simulate transportation and use.	10 - 55Hz, 1.5mm amplitude. 60 sec in each of 3 directions X,Y,Z For 15 minutes	3
Static electricity test	Endurance test applying electric static discharge.	VS = ±600V(contact),±800V(air), RS = 330Ω, CS = 150pF 10 times

这些测试表明该模块在不同的环境条件下都具有较好的稳定性和耐久性。

注意事项

使用LCDs/LCMs时的注意事项可在www.newhavendisplay.com/specs/precautions.pdf查看，同时，关于保修信息和条款可访问http://www.newhavendisplay.com/index.php?main_page=terms。

综上所述，NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - BBW - L字符液晶显示模块具有丰富的功能和良好的性能，适用于多种电子设备的显示需求。在实际应用中，工程师们可以根据这些详细的技术文档进行合理的设计和开发。大家在使用过程中遇到过哪些问题呢？欢迎在评论区分享交流。