深入解析NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - FBW - L液晶显示模块

在电子设备的设计中，液晶显示模块是不可或缺的一部分，它为用户提供了直观的信息展示界面。今天，我们就来详细解析Newhaven Display International推出的NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - FBW - L字符液晶显示模块。

文件下载：NHD-0216K1Z-NSW-FBW-L.pdf

一、产品概述

NHD - 0216K1Z - NSW - FBW - L是一款2行×16字符的液晶显示模块，具有多种特性。它采用负性侧白光LED背光的透射式FSTN技术，最佳视角为6:00，适用于宽温度范围，且功耗低至20mA，同时符合RoHS标准。

二、功能与特性

2.1 基本规格

• 显示能力：能够显示2行，每行16个字符，满足基本的信息显示需求。
• 内置控制器：配备ST7066U控制器，为显示功能提供了稳定的支持。
• 电源供应：采用+5.0V电源，方便与常见的电子系统集成。
• 驱动方式：1/16 duty，1/5 bias的驱动方式，保证了显示的稳定性。

2.2 环保特性

该模块符合RoHS标准，这意味着它在生产过程中限制了有害物质的使用，更加环保。

三、引脚说明与接线图

Pin No.	Symbol	External Connection	Function Description
1	VSS	Power Supply	Ground
2	VDD	Power Supply	Supply Voltage for logic (+5.0V)
3	V0	Adj Power Supply	Supply Voltage for contrast (approx. 0.5V)
4	RS	MPU	Register Select signal. RS = 0: Command, RS = 1: Data
5	R/W	MPU	Read/Write select signal, R/W = 1: Read R/W: = 0: Write
6	E	MPU	Operation Enable signal. Falling edge triggered.
7 - 10	DB0 – DB3	MPU	Four low order bi - directional three - state data bus lines. These four are not used during 4 - bit operation.
11 - 14	DB4 – DB7	MPU	Four high order bi - directional three - state data bus lines.
15	LED+	Power Supply	Backlight for Anode (+5.0V via on - board resistor)
16	LED -	Power Supply	Backlight Cathode (Ground)

推荐使用2.54mm间距的引脚作为LCD连接器，不过文档中未提及背光连接器的相关配对信息。

四、电气特性

4.1 温度范围

• 工作温度范围：-20⁰C至+70⁰C，能够适应较为广泛的工作环境。
• 存储温度范围：-30⁰C至+80⁰C，这为产品的运输和存储提供了一定的保障。

4.2 电源参数

• 电源电压：VDD在4.8V至5.2V之间，典型值为5.0V。
• 电源电流：在TOP = 25°C时，电流范围为0.5mA至2.5mA，典型值为1.5mA。
• LCD对比度电压：VDD = 5.0V时，V LCD在4.3V至4.7V之间，典型值为4.5V。

4.3 输入输出电平

• “H” 电平输入：VIH为0.7VDD至VDD。
• “L” 电平输入：VIL为0至0.6V。
• “H” 电平输出：VOH最小为3.9V。
• “L” 电平输出：VOL最大为0.4V。

4.4 背光参数

• 背光电源电压：V LED在4.8V至5.2V之间，典型值为5.0V。
• 背光电源电流：V LED = 5.0V时，电流范围为10mA至20mA，典型值为15mA。

五、光学特性

5.1 最佳视角

• 顶部：ϕY +在对比度CR ≥ 2时，典型值为40⁰。
• 底部：ϕY - 典型值为60⁰。
• 左侧：θX - 典型值为60⁰。
• 右侧：θX + 典型值为60⁰。

5.2 对比度与响应时间

• 对比度：CR在2至5之间。
• 响应时间：上升时间TR在TOP = 25°C时，典型值为150ms，最大值为250ms；下降时间TF典型值为200ms，最大值为300ms。

六、控制器信息

该模块内置ST7066U控制器，相关规格可从http://www.newhavendisplay.com/app_notes/ST7066U.pdf下载。DDRAM地址分为两行，第一行地址为00H - 0FH，第二行地址为40H - 4FH。

七、命令表

Instruction	Instruction code	Description	270 KHZ Execution time (fosc =)
Clear Display	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1	Write “20H” to DDRAM and set DDRAM address to “00H” from AC	1.52ms
Return Home	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -	Set DDRAM Address to “00H” from AC and return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed.	1.52ms
Entry mode Set	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D SH	Sets cursor move direction and specifies display shift. These parameters are performed during data write and read.	37µs
Display ON/ OFF control	0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B	D = 1: Entire display on C = 1: Cursor on B = 1: Blinking cursor on	37µs
Cursor or Display shift	0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L - -	Sets cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction without changing DDRAM data.	37µs
Function set	0 0 0 0 1 DL N F - -	DL: Interface data is 8/4 bits N: Number of lines is 2/1 F: Font size is 5x11/5x8	37µs
Set CGRAM Address	0 0 0 1 - - - - - AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set CGRAM address in address counter	37µs
Set DDRAM Address	0 0 1 - - - - - - AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Set DDRAM address in address counter.	37µs
Read busy Flag and Address	0 1 BF - - - - - - AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0	Whether during internal operation or not can be known by reading BF. The contents of address counter can also be read.	0s
Write data To Address	1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0	Write data into internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs
Read data From RAM	1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0	Read data from internal RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).	37µs

八、时序特性

8.1 写数据

从MPU向ST7066U写数据时，Enable Cycle Time（Tc）为1200ns，Enable Pulse Width（TPW）为140ns，Enable Rise/Fall Time（TR,TF）最大为25ns，Address Setup Time（TAS）为0ns，Address Hold Time（TAH）为10ns，Data Setup Time（TDSW）为40ns，Data Hold Time（TH）为10ns。

8.2 读数据

从ST7066U向MPU读数据时，Enable Cycle Time（Tc）为1200ns，Enable Pulse Width（TPW）为140ns，Enable Rise/Fall Time（TR,TF）最大为25ns，Address Setup Time（TAS）为0ns，Address Hold Time（TAH）为10ns，Data Setup Time（TDDR）最大为100ns，Data Hold Time（TH）为10ns。

九、初始化程序

9.1 8位初始化

void command(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction 
    R_W = 0; //R/W = LOW:Write
    E = 1;
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable: falling edge 
} 

void write(char i) 
{
    E = 0;
    P1 = i;
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    D_I = 1; 
    R_W = 0; //D/I = HIGH : send data //R/W = LOW:Write
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    Delay(1);
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
} 

void init() 
{
    E = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up 
    command(0x30);
    Delay(30);
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x30); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    command(0x38);
    command(0x38); //Function set: 8 - bit/2 - line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0c); 
    command(0x06); //Set cursor //Display ON; Cursor ON //Entry mode set
}

9.2 4位初始化

void command(char i) 
{
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port
    D_I = 0;
    D_I = 0; //D/I = LOW : send instruction 
    R_W = 0; 
    Nybble(); 
    i = i < < 4; 
    P1 = i; //R/W = LOW:Write //Send lower 4bits //Shift over by 4 bits
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    Nybble(); //Send upper 4 bits
} 

void write(char i) 
{ 
    P1 = i; //put data on output Port 
    P1 = i;
    D_I = 1; //D/I = HIGH: send data
    R_W = 0; 
    Nybble(); 
    i = i < < 4; 
    P1 = i; 
    Nybble(); //R/W = LOW: Write //Clock lower 4 bits //Shift over by 4 bits //put data on output Port //Clock upper 4 bits
} 

void Nybble() 
{
    E = 1; 
    Delay(1);
    Delay(1); //enable pulse width >= 300ns 
    E = 0; //Clock enable:falling edge
}

void init() 
{
    P1 = 0; 
    P3 = 0; 
    Delay(100);
    Delay(100); //Wait >40 msec after power is applied 
    P1 = 0x30;
    P1 = 0x30; //put 0x30 on the output port 
    Delay(30); //must wait 5ms, busy flag not available 
    Delay(30);
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #2
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //must wait 160us, busy flag not available 
    Nybble(); //command 0x30 = Wake up #3
    Delay(10);
    Delay(10); //can check busy flag now instead of delay 
    P1 = 0x20; //put 0x20 on the output port 
    P1 = 0x20;
    Nybble(); //Function set: 4 - bit interface 
    Nybble();
    command(0x28);
    command(0x28); //Function set: 4 - bit/2 - line 
    command(0x10); 
    command(0x0F); //Set cursor
    command(0x0F); //Display ON; Blinking cursor 
    command(0x06); //Entry Mode set
}

十、质量信息与注意事项

10.1 质量测试

该模块经过了多项质量测试，包括高温存储、低温存储、高温操作、低温操作、高温/湿度操作、热冲击抵抗、振动测试和静电测试等，以确保其在不同环境下的可靠性。

10.2 注意事项

使用LCD/LCM时，需参考www.newhavendisplay.com/specs/precautions.pdf中的注意事项。同时，关于保修信息和条款可访问http://www.newhavendisplay.com/index.php?main_page=terms。

在实际设计中，工程师们需要根据具体的应用场景，合理利用该模块的各项特性，确保系统的稳定运行。大家在使用这款液晶显示模块时，有没有遇到过什么问题呢？或者对于其初始化程序，你有什么优化的想法吗？欢迎在评论区分享。