最能获得能量收集来源的技巧
出于对能源消耗较少的需要,特别是在远程,无线传感应用,系统和电路设计人员正在寻找收获环境能源。然而,获得这些收获的来源是最具挑战性的,因为它们的输出相匹配的其他存储,控制,处理,传感和其他任务的输入不是简单的任务,不同的应用程序不同。
现代能量采集源的输出,如太阳能电池和热电发电机(TEG),是比较小的,在几百μJS的能量范围。其结果是,它必须首先收集和积累随着时间的推移,以便使实际使用它在一个典型的3 V电路。
The amount of energy that needs to be stored depends on the application’s usage profile and duty cycle, while the time taken to store the energy depends on the energy source and how efficiently the energy is transferred to the local storage device. This storage device can be a battery-storage and backup, as well as supporting electronic circuitry. A typical energy harvesting source, such as a capacitor or coin-cell battery (variations include solid state storage thin-film devices, ultra and supercapacitors and buffers), generally consume only a few μW.
In solar cell applications, “cold” starts can be a problem. Defined as turning on a solar cell after all circuitry is turned off for a long period of time, cold starts can run aground. Power-management controllers can drain the photovoltaic cell’s stored output. In situations where this is likely, a dedicated backup battery would be advisable.
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