DC-DC Power Converters:Dc-dc power converters are employed in a variety of applications, including power supplies for personal computers, office equipment, spacecraft power systems, laptop computers, and telecommunications equipment, as well as dc motor drives. The input to a dc-dc converter is an unregulated dc voltage Vg. The converter produces a regulated output voltage V, having a magnitude (and possibly polarity) that differs from Vg. For example, in a computer off-line power supply, the 120 V or 240 V ac utility voltage is rectified, producing a dc voltage of approximately 170 V or 340 V,respectively. A dc-dc converter then reduces the voltage to the regulated 5 V or 3.3 V required by the processor ICs.