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隔离电流传感器解决了电路的安全问题
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隔离电流传感器解决了电路的安全问题
在许多与电源有关的应用中，必须知道导体中电流的多少。诀窍是了解许多电流可以测量的方式，并根据关键要求，如安全，功率，成本，形状因子和电路可访问性作出正确的选择。
需要电流感应的情况包括电机控制反馈，电源操作，或大功率充电太阳能电池阵列。当电流与电压低至中等，如在1和10 V，测量电流是相当简单：只需插入电流电阻（通常在毫欧的范围）的电流进行评估的路径，然后测量电阻两端的电压。虽然有问题的大小的电阻器，以尽量减少不希望的电压降，同时提供了足够大的电位差（电压）横跨电阻的精确测量，这种关注可以解决一些基本的计算和一个合适的放大器横跨电阻。
If the resistor is grounded at one end （called low-side sensing）， the measuring circuit is very straightforward. However， if the resistor is not grounded （high-side sensing）， a differential amplifier is needed to measure that voltage across the resistor – without any reference to ground. In many applications， the high-side sense circuit will also have to be galvanically isolated for safety or performance， usually using an optocoupler or transformer-based isolator.
Isolation of sensing circuitry is needed for technical and regulatory reasons in the many situations where high voltages and currents are common， such as line-operated industrial and commercial motors， electric/hybrid electric vehicles （EV/HEV）， solar arrays， home energy metering， and many other less-visible applications. It also adds a major safety barrier， often mandatory， in case there is a component failure or human failing which might put higher or primary-side voltages on the secondary-side circuit. It adds to cost and complexity， of course， but allows the sense resistor to be several thousand volts above ground.
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