开始使用全球定位系统
本文着眼于从工业应用的GPS设计开始的选择,从收发器到模块和可用的评估板,以及考虑的天线问题。它着眼于如何模块供应商如Antenova和恩智浦半导体可用于延伸到单个芯片实现准则和Skyworks从。
导航和定位在许多设备中越来越受欢迎,从专用卫星导航手机到移动电话和汽车的集成。它们现在出现在数码相机中,甚至用于跟踪高价值的资产,使得导航技术的集成成为一个重要的设计元素。然而,这使数字处理、软件、模拟和射频设计专业知识汇集在一起,可能在一家公司中并不常见。
因此,供应商正在提供用于评估卫星导航设备的模块,这些设备可直接用于中低容量设计。这避免了天线系统的RF和模拟设计的许多问题,并允许开发人员简单地、容易地向产品添加导航功能。对于更高容量的设计,单芯片导航设备提供更低的成本和更小的占用空间,但需要与诸如微控制器之类的其它设备进行集成。
Despite the generic reference to ‘GPS’ systems, there are several satellite navigation systems emerging. A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver can cover the US GPS system, the Russian GLONASS, European Galileo, and Chinese Compass navigation satellite systems. These can be used as standalone navigation systems, taking signals from three out of seven visible satellites, although this can have a slow time to acquisition (TTA) to give an accurate reading of the location. These direct systems can also struggle in cities where ‘urban canyons’ limit how many satellites are visible. Similarly, there is a lot of work currently underway to improve the indoor capabilities of such systems.
The GPS L1 input signal is a spread-spectrum signal centered on 1575.42 MHz with a 1.023 Mbps BPSK modulation. The signal level at the antenna is typically -130 dBm in open-sky conditions, dropping to below -150 dBm in masked signal areas such as indoors.
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