This appendix has the complete, final XML 1.0 specification as published by the World Wide Web consortium. This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference from another document. If any changes to XML are required in the future (as they undoubtedly will be) a new version number will be applied. This document isn’t always easy reading. Precision is preferred over clarity. However, when you’re banging your head against the wall, and trying to decide whether the problem is with your XML processor or with your XML code, this is the deciding document. Therefore, it’s important to have at least a cursory familiarity with it, and be able to find things in it when you need to. This document was primarily written by Tim Bray and C. M. Sperberg-McQueen with assistance from many others credited at the end of the document.