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英特尔MCS-51、MCS-48微控制器的振荡器的设计
消耗积分:5 |
格式:rar |
大小:978 |
2009-06-24
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CONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
FEEDBACK OSCILLATORS 1
Loop Gain 1
How Feedback Oscillators Work 2
The Positive Reactance Oscillator 2
QUARTZ CRYSTALS 3
Crystal Parameters 3
Equivalent Circuit 3
Load Capacitance 4
``Series'' vs. ``Parallel'' Crystals 4
Equivalent Series Resistance 4
Frequency Tolerance 5
Drive Level 5
CERAMIC RESONATORS 5
Specifications for Ceramic Resonators 6
OSCILLATOR DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS 6
On-Chip Oscillators 6
Crystal Specifications 6
Oscillation Frequency 7
Selection of CX1 and CX2 7
Placement of Components 7
Clocking Other Chips 7
External Oscillators 8
Gate Oscillators vs. Discrete Devices 10
Fundamental vs. Overtone
Operation 11
``Series'' vs. ``Parallel'' Operation 11
CONTENTS PAGE
MORE ABOUT USING THE ``ON-CHIP''
OSCILLATORS 11
Oscillator Calculations 11
Start-Up Characteristics 13
Steady-State Characteristics 15
Pin Capacitance 16
MCSÉ-51 Oscillator 16
MCSÉ-48 Oscillator 16
CONTENTS PAGE
Pre-Production Tests 19
Troubleshooting Oscillator Problems 20
APPENDIX A: QUARTZ AND CERAMIC
RESONATOR FORMULAS A-1
APPENDIX B: OSCILLATOR ANALYSIS
PROGRAM B-1
INTRODUCTION 1
FEEDBACK OSCILLATORS 1
Loop Gain 1
How Feedback Oscillators Work 2
The Positive Reactance Oscillator 2
QUARTZ CRYSTALS 3
Crystal Parameters 3
Equivalent Circuit 3
Load Capacitance 4
``Series'' vs. ``Parallel'' Crystals 4
Equivalent Series Resistance 4
Frequency Tolerance 5
Drive Level 5
CERAMIC RESONATORS 5
Specifications for Ceramic Resonators 6
OSCILLATOR DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS 6
On-Chip Oscillators 6
Crystal Specifications 6
Oscillation Frequency 7
Selection of CX1 and CX2 7
Placement of Components 7
Clocking Other Chips 7
External Oscillators 8
Gate Oscillators vs. Discrete Devices 10
Fundamental vs. Overtone
Operation 11
``Series'' vs. ``Parallel'' Operation 11
CONTENTS PAGE
MORE ABOUT USING THE ``ON-CHIP''
OSCILLATORS 11
Oscillator Calculations 11
Start-Up Characteristics 13
Steady-State Characteristics 15
Pin Capacitance 16
MCSÉ-51 Oscillator 16
MCSÉ-48 Oscillator 16
CONTENTS PAGE
Pre-Production Tests 19
Troubleshooting Oscillator Problems 20
APPENDIX A: QUARTZ AND CERAMIC
RESONATOR FORMULAS A-1
APPENDIX B: OSCILLATOR ANALYSIS
PROGRAM B-1
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