Modulation is the act of translating some low-fre- quency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the simulta- neous transmission of two or more baseband signals by translating them to different frequencies, and to take advantage of the greater efficiency and smaller size of higher-frequency antennae. In the modulation process, some characteristic of a high-frequency sinusoidal carrier is changed in direct proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal. The carrier itself can be described by the equation: