The bq78PL116 master gateway battery controller is part of a complete Li-Ion control, monitoring, and safety solution designed for large series cell strings. The bq78PL116 along with bq76PL102 PowerLAN™ dual-cell monitors provide complete battery-system control, communications, and safety functions for a structure of three up to 16 series cells. This PowerLAN system provides simultaneous, synchronized voltage and current measurements using one A/D per-cell technology. This eliminates system-induced noise from measurements and allows the precise, continuous, real-time calculation of cell impedance under all operating conditions, even during widely fluctuating load conditions. PowerPump technology transfers charge between cells to balance their voltage and capacity. Balancing is possible during all battery modes: charge, discharge, and rest. Highly efficient charge-transfer circuitry nearly eliminates energy loss while providing true real-time balance between cells, resulting in longer run-time and improved cycle life.