This application note describes the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), which is being developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Close attention is given to LTE’s use of multiple antenna techniques—in particular, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)—and to a new modulation scheme called single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) that is used in the LTE uplink. Also, because the accelerated pace of LTE product development calls for measurement tools that parallel the standard’s development, this application note introduces Agilent’s expanding portfolio of LTE design, verification, and test solutions.