The AD558 consists of four major functional blocks, fabricated on a single monolithic chip (see Figure 2). The main D-to-A converter section uses eight equally-weighted laser-trimmed current sources switched into a silicon-chromium thin-film R/2R resistor ladder network to give a direct but unbuffered 0 mV to 400 mV output range. The transistors that form the DAC switches are PNPs; this allows direct positive-voltage logic interface and a zero-based output range.