Introduction For two decades, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has provided scientists a unique tool to study in situ electrochemical processes with atomic/molecular resolution. During this time, remarkable progress has been made at the interface of electrochemistry (EC) and SPM. New discoveries contin- ue to be reported as the research boundary expands wider and deeper. While the field steadily advances, the requirements for electrochemical scanning probe microscopes also become greater. In addition to clean liquid imaging and atomic resolution, an oxygen- free environment is now consid- ered critical for many EC SPM studies.